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Phys. Rev. D 43, 3332–3344 (1991)

Does an unspecified cosmological constant solve the problem of time in quantum gravity?

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Karel V. Kuchař
Department of Physics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah 84112 and Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstrasse 5, CH-3012 Bern, Switzerland

Received 22 January 1991; published in the issue dated 15 May 1991

In unimodular gravity, an unspecified cosmological constant appears as a variable canonically conjugate to a four-volume variable, the cosmological time. It was suggested that this time sets the conditions of quantum measurements and solves thereby the interpretation problems of quantum geometrodynamics. By analyzing the relationship of the cosmological time to hypertime (the collection of spacelike hypersurfaces), we highlight the difficulties of such a position. The constraint system of parametrized unimodular gravity implies that the cosmological time labels only equivalence classes formed by hypersurfaces separated by a zero four-volume, while individual spacelike hypersurfaces within an equivalence class are physically irrelevant. As a result, unless complemented by a hypertime variable, cosmological time does not uniquely set the conditions for measuring geometric variables either in the classical or in the quantum theory.

© 1991 The American Physical Society

URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.43.3332
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevD.43.3332
PACS: