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Phys. Rev. D 48, 1722–1735 (1993)

Origin and measurement of time in quantum cosmology

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Mario A. Castagnino
Instituto de Astronomía y Física del Espacio, Casilla de Correo 67, Sucursal 28, 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina
Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Fernando Lombardo
Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Ciudad Universitaria, 1428, Buenos Aires, Argentina

Received 1 April 1993; published in the issue dated 15 August 1993

The notion of probabilistic time is used to explain the origin and possible measurement of time in the Unruh-Wald formulation of quantum gravity. It is shown how ideal and real clocks measure probabilistic time and how we can extract from the Universe a real clock. Afterward, it is also shown how probabilistic time can be endowed with the two fundamental properties of time: it is an ordering parameter and it is ‘‘Heraclitian.’’ We discuss the correlation between the different arrows of time with the quantum arrows defined by the real clock.

© 1993 The American Physical Society

URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.48.1722
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevD.48.1722
PACS:
04.60.+n