Spin networks and quantum gravity

We introduce a new basis on the state space of nonperturbative quantum gravity. The states of this basis are linearly independent, are well defined in both the loop representation and the connection representation, and are labeled by a generalization of Penrose’s spin networks. The new basis fully reduces the spinor identities [SU(2) Mandelstam identities] and simplifies calculations in nonperturbative quantum gravity. In particular, it allows a simple expression for the exact solutions of the Hamiltonian constraint (Wheeler-DeWitt equation) that have been discovered in the loop representation. The states in this basis diagonalize oeprators that represent the three-geometry of space, such as the area and the volume of arbitrary surfaces and regions, and therefore provide a discrete picture of quantum geometry at the Planck scale.