Phys. Rev. D 55, 1977–1984 (1997)Energy of isolated systems at retarded times as the null limit of quasilocal energyReceived 25 September 1996; published in the issue dated 15 February 1997 We define the energy of a perfectly isolated system at a given retarded time as the suitable null limit of the quasilocal energy E. The result coincides with the Bondi-Sachs mass. Our E is the lapse-unity shift-zero boundary value of the gravitational Hamiltonian appropriate for the partial system Σ contained within a finite topologically spherical boundary B=∂Σ. Moreover, we show that with an arbitrary lapse and zero shift the same null limit of the Hamiltonian defines a physically meaningful element in the space dual to supertranslations. This result is specialized to yield an expression for the full Bondi-Sachs four-momentum in terms of Hamiltonian values. © 1997 The American Physical Society URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.55.1977
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevD.55.1977
PACS:
04.20.Ha, 04.60.Ds
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