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Phys. Rev. D 56, 2464–2468 (1997)

In defense of the “tunneling” wave function of the universe

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Jaume Garriga
Center For Theoretical Physics, Laboratory for Nuclear Science and Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139
IFAE, Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra (Barcelona), Spain

Alexander Vilenkin
Institute of Cosmology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tufts University, Medford, Massachusetts 02155

Received 10 December 1996; published in the issue dated 15 August 1997

The tunneling approach to the wave function of the Universe has been recently criticized by Bousso and Hawking who claim that it predicts a catastrophic instability of de Sitter space with respect to pair production of black holes. We show that this claim is unfounded. First, we argue that different horizon size regions in de Sitter space cannot be treated as independently created, as they contend. And second, the WKB tunneling wave function is not simply the “inverse” of the Hartle-Hawking one, except in very special cases. Applied to the related problem of pair production of massive particles, we argue that the tunneling wave function leads to a small constant production rate, and not to a catastrophe as the argument of Bousso and Hawking would suggest.

© 1997 The American Physical Society

URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.56.2464
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevD.56.2464
PACS:
98.80.Hw, 04.60.Kz, 04.62.+v

See Also

Original Article: Raphael Bousso and Stephen W. Hawking, Pair creation of black holes during inflation, Phys. Rev. D 54, 6312 (1996).