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Phys. Rev. D 59, 044025 (1999) [10 pages]

Gravitational entropy and global structure

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S. W. Hawking* and C. J. Hunter
Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Silver Street, Cambridge CB3 9EW, United Kingdom

Received 26 August 1998; published 26 January 1999

The underlying reason for the existence of gravitational entropy is traced to the impossibility of foliating topologically non-trivial Euclidean spacetimes with a time function to give a unitary Hamiltonian evolution. In d dimensions the entropy can be expressed in terms of the d-2 obstructions to foliation, bolts and Misner strings, by a universal formula. We illustrate with a number of examples including spaces with nut charge. In these cases, the entropy is not just a quarter the area of the bolt, as it is for black holes.

© 1999 The American Physical Society

URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.59.044025
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevD.59.044025
PACS:
04.70.Dy, 04.20.Gz

*Email address: S.W.Hawking@damtp.cam.ac.uk

Email address: C.J.Hunter@damtp.cam.ac.uk