Mass loss by a scalar charge in an expanding universe

We study the phenomenon of mass loss by a scalar charge—a point particle that acts as a source for a noninteracting scalar field—in an expanding universe. The charge is placed on comoving world lines of two cosmological spacetimes: a de Sitter universe, and a spatially flat, matter-dominated universe. In both cases, we find that the particle’s rest mass is not a constant, but that it changes in response to the emission of monopole scalar radiation by the particle. In de Sitter spacetime, the particle radiates all of its mass within a finite proper time. In the matter-dominated cosmology, this happens only if the charge of the particle is sufficiently large; for smaller charges the particle first loses some of its mass, but then regains it all eventually.