Setting upper limits on the strength of periodic gravitational waves from PSR J1939+2134 using the first science data from the GEO 600 and LIGO detectors

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B. Abbott¹³, R. Abbott¹⁶, R. Adhikari¹⁴, A. Ageev^21,28, B. Allen⁴⁰, R. Amin³⁵, S. B. Anderson¹³, W. G. Anderson³⁰, M. Araya¹³, H. Armandula¹³, F. Asiri^13,*, P. Aufmuth³², C. Aulbert¹, S. Babak⁷, R. Balasubramanian⁷, S. Ballmer¹⁴, B. C. Barish¹³, D. Barker¹⁵, C. Barker-Patton¹⁵, M. Barnes¹³, B. Barr³⁶, M. A. Barton¹³, K. Bayer¹⁴, R. Beausoleil^27,†, K. Belczynski²⁴, R. Bennett^36,‡, S. J. Berukoff^1,§, J. Betzwieser¹⁴, B. Bhawal¹³, I. A. Bilenko²¹, G. Billingsley¹³, E. Black¹³, K. Blackburn¹³, B. Bland-Weaver¹⁵, B. Bochner^14,**, L. Bogue¹³, R. Bork¹³, S. Bose⁴¹, P. R. Brady⁴⁰, V. B. Braginsky²¹, J. E. Brau³⁸, D. A. Brown⁴⁰, S. Brozek^32,††, A. Bullington²⁷, A. Buonanno^6,‡‡, R. Burgess¹⁴, D. Busby¹³, W. E. Butler³⁹, R. L. Byer²⁷, L. Cadonati¹⁴, G. Cagnoli³⁶, J. B. Camp²², C. A. Cantley³⁶, L. Cardenas¹³, K. Carter¹⁶, M. M. Casey³⁶, J. Castiglione³⁵, A. Chandler¹³, J. Chapsky^13,a, P. Charlton¹³, S. Chatterji¹⁴, Y. Chen⁶, V. Chickarmane¹⁷, D. Chin³⁷, N. Christensen⁸, D. Churches⁷, C. Colacino^32,2, R. Coldwell³⁵, M. Coles^16,b, D. Cook¹⁵, T. Corbitt¹⁴, D. Coyne¹³, J. D. E. Creighton⁴⁰, T. D. Creighton¹³, D. R. M. Crooks³⁶, P. Csatorday¹⁴, B. J. Cusack³, C. Cutler¹, E. D’Ambrosio¹³, K. Danzmann^32,2,20, R. Davies⁷, E. Daw^17,c, D. DeBra²⁷, T. Delker^35,d, R. DeSalvo¹³, S. Dhurandhar¹², M. Díaz³⁰, H. Ding¹³, R. W. P. Drever⁴, R. J. Dupuis³⁶, C. Ebeling⁸, J. Edlund¹³, P. Ehrens¹³, E. J. Elliffe³⁶, T. Etzel¹³, M. Evans¹³, T. Evans¹⁶, C. Fallnich³², D. Farnham¹³, M. M. Fejer²⁷, M. Fine¹³, L. S. Finn²⁹, É. Flanagan⁹, A. Freise^2,e, R. Frey³⁸, P. Fritschel¹⁴, V. Frolov¹⁶, M. Fyffe¹⁶, K. S. Ganezer⁵, J. A. Giaime¹⁷, A. Gillespie^13,f, K. Goda¹⁴, G. González¹⁷, S. Goßler³², P. Grandclément²⁴, A. Grant³⁶, C. Gray¹⁵, A. M. Gretarsson¹⁶, D. Grimmett¹³, H. Grote², S. Grunewald¹, M. Guenther¹⁵, E. Gustafson^27,g, R. Gustafson³⁷, W. O. Hamilton¹⁷, M. Hammond¹⁶, J. Hanson¹⁶, C. Hardham²⁷, G. Harry¹⁴, A. Hartunian¹³, J. Heefner¹³, Y. Hefetz¹⁴, G. Heinzel², I. S. Heng³², M. Hennessy²⁷, N. Hepler²⁹, A. Heptonstall³⁶, M. Heurs³², M. Hewitson³⁶, N. Hindman¹⁵, P. Hoang¹³, J. Hough³⁶, M. Hrynevych^13,h, W. Hua²⁷, R. Ingley³⁴, M. Ito³⁸, Y. Itoh¹, A. Ivanov¹³, O. Jennrich^36,i, W. W. Johnson¹⁷, W. Johnston³⁰, L. Jones¹³, D. Jungwirth^13,j, V. Kalogera²⁴, E. Katsavounidis¹⁴, K. Kawabe^20,2, S. Kawamura²³, W. Kells¹³, J. Kern¹⁶, A. Khan¹⁶, S. Killbourn³⁶, C. J. Killow³⁶, C. Kim²⁴, C. King¹³, P. King¹³, S. Klimenko³⁵, P. Kloevekorn², S. Koranda⁴⁰, K. Kötter³², J. Kovalik¹⁶, D. Kozak¹³, B. Krishnan¹, M. Landry¹⁵, J. Langdale¹⁶, B. Lantz²⁷, R. Lawrence¹⁴, A. Lazzarini¹³, M. Lei¹³, V. Leonhardt³², I. Leonor³⁸, K. Libbrecht¹³, P. Lindquist¹³, S. Liu¹³, J. Logan^13,k, M. Lormand¹⁶, M. Lubinski¹⁵, H. Lück^32,2, T. T. Lyons^13,k, B. Machenschalk¹, M. MacInnis¹⁴, M. Mageswaran¹³, K. Mailand¹³, W. Majid^13,a, M. Malec³², F. Mann¹³, A. Marin^14,l, S. Márka¹³, E. Maros¹³, J. Mason^13,m, K. Mason¹⁴, O. Matherny¹⁵, L. Matone¹⁵, N. Mavalvala¹⁴, R. McCarthy¹⁵, D. E. McClelland³, M. McHugh¹⁹, P. McNamara^36,n, G. Mendell¹⁵, S. Meshkov¹³, C. Messenger³⁴, V. P. Mitrofanov²¹, G. Mitselmakher³⁵, R. Mittleman¹⁴, O. Miyakawa¹³, S. Miyoki^13,o, S. Mohanty^1,p, G. Moreno¹⁵, K. Mossavi², B. Mours^13,q, G. Mueller³⁵, S. Mukherjee^1,p, J. Myers¹⁵, S. Nagano², T. Nash^10,r, H. Naundorf¹, R. Nayak¹², G. Newton³⁶, F. Nocera¹³, P. Nutzman²⁴, T. Olson²⁵, B. O’Reilly¹⁶, D. J. Ottaway¹⁴, A. Ottewill^40,s, D. Ouimette^13,j, H. Overmier¹⁶, B. J. Owen²⁹, M. A. Papa¹, C. Parameswariah¹⁶, V. Parameswariah¹⁵, M. Pedraza¹³, S. Penn¹¹, M. Pitkin³⁶, M. Plissi³⁶, M. Pratt¹⁴, V. Quetschke³², F. Raab¹⁵, H. Radkins¹⁵, R. Rahkola³⁸, M. Rakhmanov³⁵, S. R. Rao¹³, D. Redding^13,a, M. W. Regehr^13,a, T. Regimbau¹⁴, K. T. Reilly¹³, K. Reithmaier¹³, D. H. Reitze³⁵, S. Richman^14,t, R. Riesen¹⁶, K. Riles³⁷, A. Rizzi^16,u, D. I. Robertson³⁶, N. A. Robertson^36,27, L. Robison¹³, S. Roddy¹⁶, J. Rollins¹⁴, J. D. Romano^30,v, J. Romie¹³, H. Rong^35,f, D. Rose¹³, E. Rotthoff²⁹, S. Rowan³⁶, A. Rüdiger^20,2, P. Russell¹³, K. Ryan¹⁵, I. Salzman¹³, G. H. Sanders¹³, V. Sannibale¹³, B. Sathyaprakash⁷, P. R. Saulson²⁸, R. Savage¹⁵, A. Sazonov³⁵, R. Schilling^20,2, K. Schlaufman²⁹, V. Schmidt^13,w, R. Schofield³⁸, M. Schrempel^32,x, B. F. Schutz^1,7, P. Schwinberg¹⁵, S. M. Scott³, A. C. Searle³, B. Sears¹³, S. Seel¹³, A. S. Sengupta¹², C. A. Shapiro^29,y, P. Shawhan¹³, D. H. Shoemaker¹⁴, Q. Z. Shu^35,z, A. Sibley¹⁶, X. Siemens⁴⁰, L. Sievers^13,a, D. Sigg¹⁵, A. M. Sintes^1,33, K. Skeldon³⁶, J. R. Smith², M. Smith¹⁴, M. R. Smith¹³, P. Sneddon³⁶, R. Spero^13,a, G. Stapfer¹⁶, K. A. Strain³⁶, D. Strom³⁸, A. Stuver²⁹, T. Summerscales²⁹, M. C. Sumner¹³, P. J. Sutton^29,r, J. Sylvestre¹³, A. Takamori¹³, D. B. Tanner³⁵, H. Tariq¹³, I. Taylor⁷, R. Taylor¹³, K. S. Thorne⁶, M. Tibbits²⁹, S. Tilav^13,, M. Tinto^4,a, K. V. Tokmakov²¹, C. Torres³⁰, C. Torrie^13,36, S. Traeger^32,, G. Traylor¹⁶, W. Tyler¹³, D. Ugolini³¹, M. Vallisneri^6,, M. van Putten¹⁴, S. Vass¹³, A. Vecchio³⁴, C. Vorvick¹⁵, S. P. Vyachanin²¹, L. Wallace¹³, H. Walther²⁰, H. Ward³⁶, B. Ware^13,a, K. Watts¹⁶, D. Webber¹³, A. Weidner^20,2, U. Weiland³², A. Weinstein¹³, R. Weiss¹⁴, H. Welling³², L. Wen¹³, S. Wen¹⁷, J. T. Whelan¹⁹, S. E. Whitcomb¹³, B. F. Whiting³⁵, P. A. Willems¹³, P. R. Williams^1,, R. Williams⁴, B. Willke^32,2, A. Wilson¹³, B. J. Winjum^29,§, W. Winkler^20,2, S. Wise³⁵, A. G. Wiseman⁴⁰, G. Woan³⁶, R. Wooley¹⁶, J. Worden¹⁵, I. Yakushin¹⁶, H. Yamamoto¹³, S. Yoshida²⁶, I. Zawischa^32,, L. Zhang¹³, N. Zotov¹⁸, M. Zucker¹⁶, and J. Zweizig^13, (LIGO Scientific Collaboration)
¹Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
²Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
³Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia
⁴California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
⁵California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747, USA
⁶Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
⁷Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF2 3YB, United Kingdom
⁸Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
⁹Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
¹⁰Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
¹¹Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
¹²Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune, 411007, India
¹³LIGO, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
¹⁴LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
¹⁵LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
¹⁶LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
¹⁷Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
¹⁸Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
¹⁹Loyola University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
²⁰Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748, Garching, Germany
²¹Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
²²NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
²³National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
²⁴Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
²⁵Salish Kootenai College, Pablo, Montana 59855, USA
²⁶Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA
²⁷Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
²⁸Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
²⁹The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
³⁰The University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Southmost College, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
³¹Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA
³²Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
³³Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07071 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
³⁴University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
³⁵University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
³⁶University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
³⁷University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
³⁸University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
³⁹University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
⁴⁰University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
⁴¹Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA

^*Currently at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center.

^†Permanent address: HP Laboratories.

^‡Currently at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory.

^§Currently at University of California, Los Angeles.

^**Currently at Hofstra University.

^††Currently at Siemens AG.

^‡‡Permanent address: GReCO, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris (CNRS).

^aCurrently at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

^bCurrently at National Science Foundation.

^cCurrently at University of Sheffield.

^dCurrently at Ball Aerospace Corporation.

^eCurrently at European Gravitational Observatory.

^fCurrently at Intel Corp.

^gCurrently at Lightconnect Inc.

^hCurrently at Keck Observatory.

ⁱCurrently at ESA Science and Technology Center.

^jCurrently at Raytheon Corporation.

^kCurrently at Mission Research Corporation.

^lCurrently at Harvard University.

^mCurrently at Lockheed-Martin Corporation.

ⁿCurrently at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.

^oPermanent address: University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research.

^pCurrently at The University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Southmost College.

^qCurrently at Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules.

^rCurrently at LIGO-California Institute of Technology.

^sPermanent address: University College Dublin.

^tCurrently at Research Electro-Optics Inc.

^uCurrently at Institute of Advanced Physics, Baton Rouge, LA.

^vCurrently at Cardiff University.

^wCurrently at European Commission, DG Research, Brussels, Belgium.

^xCurrently at Spectra Physics Corporation.

^yCurrently at University of Chicago.

^zCurrently at LightBit Corporation.

Currently at University of Delaware.

Currently at Carl Zeiss GmbH.

Permanent address: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.

Currently at Shanghai Astronomical Observatory.

Currently at Laser Zentrum Hannover.

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