Phys. Rev. D
70,
093014
(2004)
[8 pages]
Electron antineutrino search at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory
B. Aharmim et al. SNO Collaboration
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B. Aharmim5, S. N. Ahmed10, E. W. Beier9, A. Bellerive3, S. D. Biller8, J. Boger2,*, M. G. Boulay7, T. J. Bowles7, S. J. Brice7,†, T. V. Bullard13, Y. D. Chan6, M. Chen10, X. Chen6,‡, B. T. Cleveland8, G. A. Cox13, X. Dai3,8, F. Dalnoki-Veress3,§, P. J. Doe13, R. S. Dosanjh3, G. Doucas8, M. R. Dragowsky7,**, C. A. Duba13, F. A. Duncan10, M. Dunford9, J. A. Dunmore8, E. D. Earle10, S. R. Elliott7, H. C. Evans10, G. T. Ewan10, J. Farine5,3, H. Fergani8, F. Fleurot5, J. A. Formaggio13, M. M. Fowler7, K. Frame8,3,7, W. Frati9, B. G. Fulsom10, N. Gagnon13,7,6,8, K. Graham10, D. R. Grant3,**, R. L. Hahn2, A. L. Hallin10, E. D. Hallman5, A. S. Hamer7,††, W. B. Handler10, C. K. Hargrove3, P. J. Harvey10, R. Hazama13,‡‡, K. M. Heeger6, W. J. Heintzelman9, J. Heise7, R. L. Helmer12,1, R. J. Hemingway3, A. Hime7, M. A. Howe13, P. Jagam4, N. A. Jelley8, J. R. Klein14,9, L. L. Kormos10, M. S. Kos7,10, A. Krüger5, C. B. Krauss10, A. V. Krumins10, T. Kutter1,a, C. C. M. Kyba9, H. Labranche4, R. Lange2, J. Law4, I. T. Lawson4, K. T. Lesko6, J. R. Leslie10, I. Levine3,b, S. Luoma5, R. MacLellan10, S. Majerus8, H. B. Mak10, J. Maneira10, A. D. Marino6, N. McCauley9, A. B. McDonald10, S. McGee13, G. McGregor8,†, C. Mifflin3, K. K. S. Miknaitis13, G. G. Miller7, B. A. Moffat10, C. W. Nally1, M. S. Neubauer9,c, B. G. Nickel4, A. J. Noble10,3,12, E. B. Norman6, N. S. Oblath13, C. E. Okada6, R. W. Ollerhead4, J. L. Orrell13,d, S. M. Oser1,9, C. Ouellet10,e, S. J. M. Peeters8, A. W. P. Poon6, K. Rielage13, B. C. Robertson10, R. G. H. Robertson13, E. Rollin3, S. S. E. Rosendahl6,f, V. L. Rusu9,g, M. H. Schwendener5, O. Simard3, J. J. Simpson4, C. J. Sims8, D. Sinclair3,12, P. Skensved10, M. W. E. Smith13, N. Starinsky3,h, R. G. Stokstad6, L. C. Stonehill13, R. Tafirout5, Y. Takeuchi10, G. Tešić3, M. Thomson10, T. Tsui1, R. Van Berg9, R. G. Van de Water7, C. J. Virtue5, B. L. Wall13, D. Waller3, C. E. Waltham1, H. Wan Chan Tseung8, D. L. Wark11, N. West8, J. B. Wilhelmy7, J. F. Wilkerson13, J. R. Wilson8, P. Wittich9, J. M. Wouters7, M. Yeh2, and K. Zuber8 (SNO Collaboration)
1Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1 Canada
2Chemistry Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA
3Ottawa-Carleton Institute for Physics, Department of Physics, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario K1S 5B6 Canada
4Physics Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1 Canada
5Department of Physics and Astronomy, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Ontario P3E 2C6 Canada
6Institute for Nuclear and Particle Astrophysics and Nuclear Science Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
7Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
8Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Denys Wilkinson Building, Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3RH, United Kingdom
9Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6396, USA
10Department of Physics, Queen’s University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6 Canada
11Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon, OX11 0QX, United Kingdom and University of Sussex, Physics and Astronomy Department, Brighton BN1 9QH, United Kingdom
12TRIUMF, 4004 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 2A3, Canada
13Center for Experimental Nuclear Physics and Astrophysics and Department of Physics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
14Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-0264, USA
Received 15 July 2004; published 29 November 2004
Upper limits on the ν̅ e flux at the Sudbury Neutrino Observatory have been set based on the ν̅ e charged-current reaction on deuterium. The reaction produces a positron and two neutrons in coincidence. This distinctive signature allows a search with very low background for ν̅ e’s from the Sun and other potential sources. Both differential and integral limits on the ν̅ e flux have been placed in the energy range from 4–14.8 MeV. For an energy-independent νe→ν̅ e conversion mechanism, the integral limit on the flux of solar ν̅ e’s in the energy range from 4–14.8 MeV is found to be Φν̅ e≤3.4×104 cm-2 s-1 (90% C.L.), which corresponds to 0.81% of the standard solar model 8B νe flux of 5.05×106 cm-2 s-1, and is consistent with the more sensitive limit from KamLAND in the 8.3–14.8 MeV range of 3.7×102 cm-2 s-1 (90% C.L.). In the energy range from 4–8 MeV, a search for ν̅ e’s is conducted using coincidences in which only the two neutrons are detected. Assuming a ν̅ e spectrum for the neutron induced fission of naturally occurring elements, a flux limit of Φν̅ e≤2.0×106 cm-2 s-1 (90% C.L.) is obtained.
© 2004 The American Physical Society
URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.70.093014
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevD.70.093014
PACS:
14.60.St, 13.15.+g, 13.35.Hb
*Present address: U.S. Department of Energy, Germantown, Maryland, USA †Present address: Fermilab, Batavia, Illinois, USA ‡Present address: Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Menlo Park, California, USA §Present address: Max-Planck-Institut for Nuclear Physics, Heidelberg, Germany **Present address: Department of Physics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA ††Deceased ‡‡Present address: Research Center for Nuclear Physics and Osaka University, Osaka, Japan aPresent address: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA bPresent address: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Indiana University, South Bend, Indiana, USA cPresent address: Department of Physics, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA dPresent address: Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, USA ePresent address: Department of Physics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada fPresent address: Lund University, Sweden gPresent address: Department of Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA hPresent address: René J. A. Lévesque Laboratory, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec City, Canada
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