Accurate black hole evolutions by fourth-order numerical relativity

We present techniques for successfully performing numerical relativity simulations of binary black holes with fourth-order accuracy. Our simulations are based on a new coding framework which currently supports higher-order finite differencing for the Baumgarte-Shapiro-Shibata-Nakamura formulation of Einstein’s equations, but which is designed to be readily applicable to a broad class of formulations. We apply our techniques to a standard set of numerical relativity test problems, demonstrating the fourth-order accuracy of the solutions. Finally we apply our approach to binary black hole head-on collisions, calculating the waveforms of gravitational radiation generated and demonstrating significant improvements in waveform accuracy over second-order methods with typically achievable numerical resolution.