Phys. Rev. D
72,
062001
(2005)
[25 pages]
Upper limits on gravitational wave bursts in LIGO’s second science run
B. Abbott et al. The LIGO Scientific Collaboration
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B. Abbott12, R. Abbott15, R. Adhikari12, A. Ageev20,27, J. Agresti12, B. Allen39, J. Allen13, R. Amin16, S. B. Anderson12, W. G. Anderson29, M. Araya12, H. Armandula12, M. Ashley28, F. Asiri12,*, P. Aufmuth31, C. Aulbert1, S. Babak7, R. Balasubramanian7, S. Ballmer13, B. C. Barish12, C. Barker14, D. Barker14, M. Barnes12,†, B. Barr35, M. A. Barton12, K. Bayer13, R. Beausoleil26,‡, K. Belczynski23, R. Bennett35,§, S. J. Berukoff1,**, J. Betzwieser13, B. Bhawal12, I. A. Bilenko20, G. Billingsley12, E. Black12, K. Blackburn12, L. Blackburn13, B. Bland14, B. Bochner13,††, L. Bogue15, R. Bork12, S. Bose41, P. R. Brady39, V. B. Braginsky20, J. E. Brau37, D. A. Brown12, A. Bullington26, A. Bunkowski2,31, A. Buonanno6,‡‡, R. Burgess13, D. Busby12, W. E. Butler38, R. L. Byer26, L. Cadonati13, G. Cagnoli35, J. B. Camp21, J. Cannizzo21, K. Cannon39, C. A. Cantley35, L. Cardenas12, K. Carter15, M. M. Casey35, J. Castiglione34, A. Chandler12, J. Chapsky12,†, P. Charlton12,a, S. Chatterji12, S. Chelkowski2,31, Y. Chen1, V. Chickarmane16,b, D. Chin36, N. Christensen8, D. Churches7, T. Cokelaer7, C. Colacino33, R. Coldwell34, M. Coles15,c, D. Cook14, T. Corbitt13, D. Coyne12, J. D. E. Creighton39, T. D. Creighton12, D. R. M. Crooks35, P. Csatorday13, B. J. Cusack3, C. Cutler1, J. Dalrymple27, E. D’Ambrosio12, K. Danzmann2,31, G. Davies7, E. Daw16,d, D. DeBra26, T. Delker34,e, V. Dergachev36, S. Desai28, R. DeSalvo12, S. Dhurandhar11, A. Di Credico27, M. Díaz29, H. Ding12, R. W. P. Drever4, R. J. Dupuis12, J. A. Edlund12,†, P. Ehrens12, E. J. Elliffe35, T. Etzel12, M. Evans12, T. Evans15, S. Fairhurst39, C. Fallnich31, D. Farnham12, M. M. Fejer26, T. Findley25, M. Fine12, L. S. Finn28, K. Y. Franzen34, A. Freise2,f, R. Frey37, P. Fritschel13, V. V. Frolov15, M. Fyffe15, K. S. Ganezer5, J. Garofoli14, J. A. Giaime16, A. Gillespie12,g, K. Goda13, L. Goggin12, G. González16, S. Goßler31, P. Grandclément23,h, A. Grant35, C. Gray14, A. M. Gretarsson15,i, D. Grimmett12, H. Grote2, S. Grunewald1, M. Guenther14, E. Gustafson26,j, R. Gustafson36, W. O. Hamilton16, M. Hammond15, J. Hanson15, C. Hardham26, J. Harms19, G. Harry13, A. Hartunian12, J. Heefner12, Y. Hefetz13, G. Heinzel2, I. S. Heng31, M. Hennessy26, N. Hepler28, A. Heptonstall35, M. Heurs31, M. Hewitson2, S. Hild2, N. Hindman14, P. Hoang12, J. Hough35, M. Hrynevych12,k, W. Hua26, M. Ito37, Y. Itoh1, A. Ivanov12, O. Jennrich35,l, B. Johnson14, W. W. Johnson16, W. R. Johnston29, D. I. Jones28, G. Jones7, L. Jones12, D. Jungwirth12,m, V. Kalogera23, E. Katsavounidis13, K. Kawabe14, S. Kawamura22, W. Kells12, J. Kern15,n, A. Khan15, S. Killbourn35, C. J. Killow35, C. Kim23, C. King12, P. King12, S. Klimenko34, S. Koranda39, K. Kötter31, J. Kovalik15,†, D. Kozak12, B. Krishnan1, M. Landry14, J. Langdale15, B. Lantz26, R. Lawrence13, A. Lazzarini12, M. Lei12, I. Leonor37, K. Libbrecht12, A. Libson8, P. Lindquist12, S. Liu12, J. Logan12,n, M. Lormand15, M. Lubinski14, H. Lück2,31, M. Luna32, T. T. Lyons12,o, B. Machenschalk1, M. MacInnis13, M. Mageswaran12, K. Mailand12, W. Majid12,†, M. Malec2,31, V. Mandic12, F. Mann12, A. Marin13,p, S. Márka9, E. Maros12, J. Mason12,q, K. Mason13, O. Matherny14, L. Matone9, N. Mavalvala13, R. McCarthy14, D. E. McClelland3, M. McHugh18, A. Melissinos38, G. Mendell14, R. A. Mercer33, S. Meshkov12, E. Messaritaki39, C. Messenger33, E. Mikhailov13, S. Mitra11, V. P. Mitrofanov20, G. Mitselmakher34, R. Mittleman13, O. Miyakawa12, S. Miyoki12,r, S. Mohanty29, G. Moreno14, K. Mossavi2, G. Mueller34, S. Mukherjee29, P. Murray35, E. Myers40, J. Myers14, S. Nagano2, T. Nash12, R. Nayak11, G. Newton35, F. Nocera12, J. S. Noel41, P. Nutzman23, T. Olson24, B. O’Reilly15, D. J. Ottaway13, A. Ottewill39,s, D. Ouimette12,m, H. Overmier15, B. J. Owen28, Y. Pan6, M. A. Papa1, V. Parameshwaraiah14, P. Ajith2, C. Parameswariah15, M. Pedraza12, S. Penn10, M. Pitkin35, M. Plissi35, R. Prix1, V. Quetschke34, F. Raab1, H. Radkins14, R. Rahkola37, M. Rakhmanov34, S. R. Rao12, K. Rawlins13, S. Ray-Majumder39, V. Re33, D. Redding12,†, M. W. Regehr12,†, T. Regimbau7, S. Reid35, K. T. Reilly12, K. Reithmaier12, D. H. Reitze34, S. Richman13,t, R. Riesen15, K. Riles36, B. Rivera14, A. Rizzi15,u, D. I. Robertson35, N. A. Robertson26,35, C. Robinson7, L. Robison12, S. Roddy15, A. Rodriguez16, J. Rollins9, J. D. Romano7, J. Romie12, H. Rong34,g, D. Rose12, E. Rotthoff28, S. Rowan35, A. Rüdiger2, L. Ruet13, P. Russell12, K. Ryan14, I. Salzman12, V. Sandberg14, G. H. Sanders12,v, V. Sannibale12, P. Sarin13, B. Sathyaprakash7, P. R. Saulson27, R. Savage14, A. Sazonov34, R. Schilling2, K. Schlaufman28, V. Schmidt12,w, R. Schnabel19, R. Schofield37, B. F. Schutz1,7, P. Schwinberg14, S. M. Scott3, S. E. Seader41, A. C. Searle3, B. Sears12, S. Seel12, F. Seifert19, D. Sellers15, A. S. Sengupta11, C. A. Shapiro28,x, P. Shawhan12, D. H. Shoemaker13, Q. Z. Shu34,y, A. Sibley15, X. Siemens39, L. Sievers12,†, D. Sigg14, A. M. Sintes1,32, J. R. Smith2, M. Smith13, M. R. Smith12, P. H. Sneddon35, R. Spero12,†, O. Spjeld15, G. Stapfer15, D. Steussy8, K. A. Strain35, D. Strom37, A. Stuver28, T. Summerscales28, M. C. Sumner12, M. Sung16, P. J. Sutton12, J. Sylvestre12,z, A. Takamori12,, D. B. Tanner34, H. Tariq12, I. Taylor7, R. Taylor35, R. Taylor12, K. A. Thorne28, K. S. Thorne6, M. Tibbits28, S. Tilav12,, M. Tinto4,†, K. V. Tokmakov20, C. Torres29, C. Torrie12, G. Traylor15, W. Tyler12, D. Ugolini30, C. Ungarelli33, M. Vallisneri6,, M. van Putten13, S. Vass12, A. Vecchio33, J. Veitch35, C. Vorvick14, S. P. Vyachanin20, L. Wallace12, H. Walther19, H. Ward35, R. Ward12, B. Ware12,†, K. Watts15, D. Webber12, A. Weidner2,19, U. Weiland31, A. Weinstein12, R. Weiss13, H. Welling31, L. Wen1, S. Wen16, K. Wette3, J. T. Whelan18, S. E. Whitcomb12, B. F. Whiting34, S. Wiley5, C. Wilkinson14, P. A. Willems12, P. R. Williams1,, R. Williams4, B. Willke2,31, A. Wilson12, B. J. Winjum28,**, W. Winkler2, S. Wise34, A. G. Wiseman39, G. Woan35, D. Woods39, R. Wooley15, J. Worden14, W. Wu34, I. Yakushin15, H. Yamamoto12, S. Yoshida25, K. D. Zaleski28, M. Zanolin13, I. Zawischa31,, L. Zhang12, R. Zhu1, N. Zotov17, M. Zucker15, and J. Zweizig12 (The LIGO Scientific Collaboration)
1Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
2Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
3Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia
4California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
5California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747, USA
6Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
7Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF2 3YB, United Kingdom
8Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
9Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
10Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
11Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune 411007, India
12LIGO—California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
13LIGO—Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
14LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
15LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
16Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
17Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
18Loyola University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
19Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748, Garching, Germany
20Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
21NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
22National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
23Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
24Salish Kootenai College, Pablo, Montana 59855, USA
25Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA
26Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
27Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
28The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
29The University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Southmost College, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
30Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA
31Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
32Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
33University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
34University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
35University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
36University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
37University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
38University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
39University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
40Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York 12604, USA
41Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
Received 7 June 2005; published 8 September 2005
We perform a search for gravitational wave bursts using data from the second science run of the LIGO detectors, using a method based on a wavelet time-frequency decomposition. This search is sensitive to bursts of duration much less than a second and with frequency content in the 100–1100 Hz range. It features significant improvements in the instrument sensitivity and in the analysis pipeline with respect to the burst search previously reported by LIGO. Improvements in the search method allow exploring weaker signals, relative to the detector noise floor, while maintaining a low false alarm rate, O(0.1) μHz. The sensitivity in terms of the root-sum-square (rss) strain amplitude lies in the range of hrss∼10-20-10-19 Hz-1/2. No gravitational wave signals were detected in 9.98 days of analyzed data. We interpret the search result in terms of a frequentist upper limit on the rate of detectable gravitational wave bursts at the level of 0.26 events per day at 90% confidence level. We combine this limit with measurements of the detection efficiency for selected waveform morphologies in order to yield rate versus strength exclusion curves as well as to establish order-of-magnitude distance sensitivity to certain modeled astrophysical sources. Both the rate upper limit and its applicability to signal strengths improve our previously reported limits and reflect the most sensitive broad-band search for untriggered and unmodeled gravitational wave bursts to date.
© 2005 The American Physical Society
URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.72.062001
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevD.72.062001
PACS:
04.80.Nn, 07.05.Kf, 95.30.Sf, 95.85.Sz
*Currently at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center †Currently at Jet Propulsion Laboratory ‡Permanent Address: HP Laboratories §Currently at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory **Currently at University of California, Los Angeles ††Currently at Hofstra University ‡‡Permanent Address: GReCO, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris (CNRS) aCurrently at Charles Sturt University, Australia bCurrently at Keck Graduate Institute cCurrently at National Science Foundation dCurrently at University of Sheffield eCurrently at Ball Aerospace Corporation fCurrently at European Gravitational Observatory gCurrently at Intel Corp. hCurrently at University of Tours, France iCurrently at Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University jCurrently at Lightconnect Inc. kCurrently at W. M. Keck Observatory lCurrently at ESA Science and Technology Center mCurrently at Raytheon Corporation nCurrently at New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology/Magdalena Ridge Observatory Interferometer oCurrently at Mission Research Corporation pCurrently at Harvard University qCurrently at Lockheed-Martin Corporation rPermanent Address: University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research sPermanent Address: University College Dublin tCurrently at Research Electro-Optics Inc. uCurrently at Institute of Advanced Physics, Baton Rouge, LA vCurrently at Thirty Meter Telescope Project at Caltech wCurrently at European Commission, DG Research, Brussels, Belgium xCurrently at University of Chicago yCurrently at LightBit Corporation zPermanent Address: IBM Canada Ltd. Currently at The University of Tokyo Currently at University of Delaware Permanent Address: Jet Propulsion Laboratory Currently at Shanghai Astronomical Observatory Currently at Laser Zentrum Hannover
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