Phys. Rev. D
72,
082001
(2005)
[22 pages]
Search for gravitational waves from galactic and extra-galactic binary neutron stars
B. Abbott et al. LIGO Scientific Collaboration
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B. Abbott12, R. Abbott15, R. Adhikari13, A. Ageev20,27, B. Allen39, R. Amin34, S. B. Anderson12, W. G. Anderson29, M. Araya12, H. Armandula12, M. Ashley28, F. Asiri12,*, P. Aufmuth31, C. Aulbert1, S. Babak7, R. Balasubramanian7, S. Ballmer13, B. C. Barish12, C. Barker14, D. Barker14, M. Barnes12,†, B. Barr35, M. A. Barton12, K. Bayer13, R. Beausoleil26,‡, K. Belczynski23, R. Bennett35,§, S. J. Berukoff1,**, J. Betzwieser13, B. Bhawal12, I. A. Bilenko20, G. Billingsley12, E. Black12, K. Blackburn12, L. Blackburn13, B. Bland14, B. Bochner13,††, L. Bogue12, R. Bork12, S. Bose40, P. R. Brady39, V. B. Braginsky20, J. E. Brau37, D. A. Brown12, A. Bullington26, A. Bunkowski2,31, A. Buonanno6,‡‡, R. Burgess13, D. Busby12, W. E. Butler38, R. L. Byer26, L. Cadonati13, G. Cagnoli35, J. B. Camp21, C. A. Cantley35, L. Cardenas12, K. Carter15, M. M. Casey35, J. Castiglione34, A. Chandler12, J. Chapsky12,†, P. Charlton12,a, S. Chatterji13, S. Chelkowski2,31, Y. Chen6, V. Chickarmane16,b, D. Chin36, N. Christensen8, D. Churches7, T. Cokelaer7, C. Colacino33, R. Coldwell34, M. Coles15,c, D. Cook14, T. Corbitt13, D. Coyne12, J. D. E. Creighton39, T. D. Creighton12, D. R. M. Crooks35, P. Csatorday13, B. J. Cusack3, C. Cutler1, E. D’Ambrosio12, K. Danzmann2,31, E. Daw16,d, D. DeBra26, T. Delker1,34, V. Dergachev36, R. DeSalvo12, S. Dhurandhar11, A. Di Credico27, M. Díaz29, H. Ding12, R. W. P. Drever4, R. J. Dupuis35, J. A. Edlund12,†, P. Ehrens12, E. J. Elliffe35, T. Etzel12, M. Evans12, T. Evans15, S. Fairhurst39, C. Fallnich31, D. Farnham12, M. M. Fejer26, T. Findley25, M. Fine12, L. S. Finn28, K. Y. Franzen34, A. Freise2,f, R. Frey37, P. Fritschel13, V. V. Frolov15, M. Fyffe15, K. S. Ganezer5, J. Garofoli14, J. A. Giaime16, A. Gillespie12,g, K. Goda13, G. González16, S. Goßler31, P. Grandclément23,h, A. Grant35, C. Gray14, A. M. Gretarsson15, D. Grimmett12, H. Grote2, S. Grunewald1, M. Guenther14, E. Gustafson26,i, R. Gustafson36, W. O. Hamilton16, M. Hammond15, J. Hanson15, C. Hardham26, J. Harms19, G. Harry13, A. Hartunian12, J. Heefner12, Y. Hefetz13, G. Heinzel2, I. S. Heng31, M. Hennessy26, N. Hepler28, A. Heptonstall35, M. Heurs31, M. Hewitson2, S. Hild2, N. Hindman14, P. Hoang12, J. Hough35, M. Hrynevych12,j, W. Hua26, M. Ito37, Y. Itoh1, A. Ivanov12, O. Jennrich35,k, B. Johnson14, W. W. Johnson16, W. R. Johnston29, D. I. Jones28, L. Jones28, D. Jungwirth12,l, V. Kalogera23, E. Katsavounidis13, K. Kawabe14, S. Kawamura22, W. Kells12, J. Kern15,m, A. Khan15, S. Killbourn35, C. J. Killow35, C. Kim23, C. King12, P. King12, S. Klimenko34, S. Koranda39, K. Kötter31, J. Kovalik15,†, D. Kozak12, B. Krishnan1, M. Landry14, J. Langdale15, B. Lantz26, R. Lawrence13, A. Lazzarini12, M. Lei12, I. Leonor37, K. Libbrecht12, A. Libson8, P. Lindquist12, S. Liu12, J. Logan12,n, M. Lormand15, M. Lubinski14, H. Lück2,31, T. T. Lyons12,n, B. Machenschalk1, M. MacInnis13, M. Mageswaran12, K. Mailand12, W. Majid12,†, M. Malec2,31, F. Mann12, A. Marin13,o, S. Márka12,p, E. Maros12, J. Mason12,q, K. Mason13, O. Matherny14, L. Matone14, N. Mavalvala13, R. McCarthy14, D. E. McClelland3, M. McHugh18, J. W. C. McNabb28, G. Mendell14, R. A. Mercer33, S. Meshkov12, E. Messaritaki39, C. Messenger33, V. P. Mitrofanov20, G. Mitselmakher34, R. Mittleman13, O. Miyakawa12, S. Miyoki12,r, S. Mohanty29, G. Moreno14, K. Mossavi2, G. Mueller34, S. Mukherjee29, P. Murray35, J. Myers14, S. Nagano2, T. Nash12, R. Nayak11, G. Newton35, F. Nocera12, J. S. Noel40, P. Nutzman23, T. Olson24, B. O’Reilly15, D. J. Ottaway13, A. Ottewill39,s, D. Ouimette12,l, H. Overmier15, B. J. Owen28, Y. Pan6, M. A. Papa1, V. Parameshwaraiah14, A. Parameswaran1, C. Parameswariah15, M. Pedraza12, S. Penn10, M. Pitkin35, M. Plissi35, R. Prix1, V. Quetschke34, F. Raab14, H. Radkins14, R. Rahkola37, M. Rakhmanov34, S. R. Rao12, K. Rawlins13, S. Ray-Majumder39, V. Re33, D. Redding12,†, M. W. Regehr12,†, T. Regimbau7, S. Reid35, K. T. Reilly12, K. Reithmaier12, D. H. Reitze34, S. Richman13,t, R. Riesen15, K. Riles36, B. Rivera14, A. Rizzi15,u, D. I. Robertson35, N. A. Robertson26,35, L. Robison12, S. Roddy15, J. Rollins13, J. D. Romano7, J. Romie12, H. Rong34,g, D. Rose12, E. Rotthoff28, S. Rowan35, A. Rüdiger2, P. Russell12, K. Ryan14, I. Salzman12, V. Sandberg14, G. H. Sanders12,v, V. Sannibale12, B. Sathyaprakash7, P. R. Saulson27, R. Savage14, A. Sazonov34, R. Schilling2, K. Schlaufman28, V. Schmidt12,w, R. Schnabel19, R. Schofield37, B. F. Schutz1,7, P. Schwinberg14, S. M. Scott3, S. E. Seader40, A. C. Searle3, B. Sears12, S. Seel12, F. Seifert19, A. S. Sengupta11, C. A. Shapiro28,x, P. Shawhan12, D. H. Shoemaker13, Q. Z. Shu34,y, A. Sibley15, X. Siemens39, L. Sievers12,†, D. Sigg14, A. M. Sintes1,32, J. R. Smith2, M. Smith13, M. R. Smith12, P. H. Sneddon35, R. Spero12,†, G. Stapfer15, D. Steussy8, K. A. Strain35, D. Strom37, A. Stuver38, T. Summerscales28, M. C. Sumner12, P. J. Sutton12, J. Sylvestre12,z, A. Takamori12, D. B. Tanner34, H. Tariq12, I. Taylor7, R. Taylor35, R. Taylor12, K. A. Thorne28, K. S. Thorne6, M. Tibbits28, S. Tilav12,, M. Tinto4,†, K. V. Tokmakov20, C. Torres29, C. Torrie12, G. Traylor15, W. Tyler12, D. Ugolini30, C. Ungarelli33, M. Vallisneri6,, M. van Putten13, S. Vass12, A. Vecchio33, J. Veitch35, C. Vorvick14, S. P. Vyachanin20, L. Wallace12, H. Walther19, H. Ward35, B. Ware12,†, K. Watts15, D. Webber12, A. Weidner19, U. Weiland31, A. Weinstein12, R. Weiss13, H. Welling31, L. Wen12, S. Wen16, J. T. Whelan18, S. E. Whitcomb12, B. F. Whiting34, S. Wiley5, C. Wilkinson14, P. A. Willems12, P. R. Williams1,, R. Williams4, B. Willke31, A. Wilson12, B. J. Winjum28,**, W. Winkler2, S. Wise34, A. G. Wiseman39, G. Woan35, D. Woods1, R. Wooley15, J. Worden14, W. Wu34, I. Yakushin15, H. Yamamoto12, S. Yoshida25, K. D. Zaleski28, M. Zanolin13, I. Zawischa31,, L. Zhang11, R. Zhu1, N. Zotov17, M. Zucker15, and J. Zweizig12 (LIGO Scientific Collaboration)
1Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
2Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
3Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia
4California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
5California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747, USA
6Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
7Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF2 3YB, United Kingdom
8Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
9Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
10Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
11Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune-411007, India
12LIGO—California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
13LIGO—Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
14LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
15LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
16Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
17Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
18Loyola University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
19Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748, Garching, Germany
20Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
21NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
22National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
23Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
24Salish Kootenai College, Pablo, Montana 59855, USA
25Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA
26Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
27Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
28The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
29The University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Southmost College, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
30Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA
31Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
32Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
33University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
34University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
35University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
36University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
37University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
38University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
39University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
40Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
Received 30 May 2005; published 25 October 2005
We use 373 hours (≈15 days) of data from the second science run of the LIGO gravitational-wave detectors to search for signals from binary neutron star coalescences within a maximum distance of about 1.5 Mpc, a volume of space which includes the Andromeda Galaxy and other galaxies of the Local Group of galaxies. This analysis requires a signal to be found in data from detectors at the two LIGO sites, according to a set of coincidence criteria. The background (accidental coincidence rate) is determined from the data and is used to judge the significance of event candidates. No inspiral gravitational-wave events were identified in our search. Using a population model which includes the Local Group, we establish an upper limit of less than 47 inspiral events per year per Milky Way equivalent galaxy with 90% confidence for nonspinning binary neutron star systems with component masses between 1 and 3M⊙.
© 2005 The American Physical Society
URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.72.082001
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevD.72.082001
PACS:
95.85.Sz, 04.80.Nn, 07.05.Kf, 97.80.−d
*Currently at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center. †Currently at Jet Propulsion Laboratory. ‡Permanent Address: HP Laboratories. §Currently at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory. **Currently at University of CA, Los Angeles. ††Currently at Hofstra University. ‡‡Permanent Address: GReCO, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris (CNRS). aCurrently at La Trobe University, Bundoora VIC, Australia. bCurrently at Keck Graduate Institute. cCurrently at National Science Foundation. dCurrently at University of Sheffield. eCurrently at Ball Aerospace Corporation. fCurrently at European Gravitational Observatory. gCurrently at Intel Corp. hCurrently at University of Tours, France. iCurrently at Lightconnect Inc. jCurrently at W. M. Keck Observatory. kCurrently at ESA Science and Technology Center. lCurrently at Raytheon Corporation. mCurrently at NM Institute of Mining and Technology/Magdalena Ridge Observatory Interferometer. nCurrently at Mission Research Corporation. oCurrently at Harvard University. pPermanent Address: Columbia University. qCurrently at Lockheed-Martin Corporation. rPermanent Address: University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research. sPermanent Address: University College Dublin. tCurrently at Research Electro-Optics Inc. uCurrently at Institute of Advanced Physics, Baton Rouge, LA. vCurrently at Thirty Meter Telescope Project at Caltech. wCurrently at European Commission, DG Research, Brussels, Belgium. xCurrently at University of Chicago. yCurrently at LightBit Corporation. zPermanent Address: IBM Canada Ltd. Currently at University of DE. Permanent Address: Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Currently at Shanghai Astronomical Observatory. Currently at Laser Zentrum Hannover.
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