Phys. Rev. D
76,
042001
(2007)
[20 pages]
Upper limits on gravitational wave emission from 78 radio pulsars
B. Abbott et al. LIGO Scientific Collaboration
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B. Abbott15, R. Abbott15, R. Adhikari15, J. Agresti15, P. Ajith2, B. Allen2,52, R. Amin19, S. B. Anderson15, W. G. Anderson52, M. Arain40, M. Araya15, H. Armandula15, M. Ashley4, S. Aston39, P. Aufmuth37, C. Aulbert1, S. Babak1, S. Ballmer15, H. Bantilan9, B. C. Barish15, C. Barker16, D. Barker16, B. Barr41, P. Barriga51, M. A. Barton41, K. Bayer18, K. Belczynski25, J. Betzwieser18, P. T. Beyersdorf28, B. Bhawal15, I. A. Bilenko22, G. Billingsley15, R. Biswas52, E. Black15, K. Blackburn15, L. Blackburn18, D. Blair51, B. Bland16, J. Bogenstahl41, L. Bogue17, R. Bork15, V. Boschi15, S. Bose54, P. R. Brady52, V. B. Braginsky22, J. E. Brau44, M. Brinkmann2, A. Brooks38, D. A. Brown7,15, A. Bullington31, A. Bunkowski2, A. Buonanno42, O. Burmeister2, D. Busby15, W. E. Butler45, R. L. Byer31, L. Cadonati18, G. Cagnoli41, J. B. Camp23, J. Cannizzo23, K. Cannon52, C. A. Cantley41, J. Cao18, L. Cardenas15, K. Carter17, M. M. Casey41, G. Castaldi47, C. Cepeda15, E. Chalkey41, P. Charlton10, S. Chatterji15, S. Chelkowski2, Y. Chen1, F. Chiadini46, D. Chin43, E. Chin51, J. Chow4, N. Christensen9, J. Clark41, P. Cochrane2, T. Cokelaer8, C. N. Colacino39, R. Coldwell40, R. Conte46, D. Cook16, T. Corbitt18, D. Coward51, D. Coyne15, J. D. E. Creighton52, T. D. Creighton15, R. P. Croce47, D. R. M. Crooks41, A. M. Cruise39, A. Cumming41, J. Dalrymple32, E. D’Ambrosio15, K. Danzmann2,37, G. Davies8, D. DeBra31, J. Degallaix51, M. Degree31, T. Demma47, V. Dergachev43, S. Desai33, R. DeSalvo15, S. Dhurandhar14, M. Díaz34, J. Dickson4, A. Di Credico32, G. Diederichs37, A. Dietz8, E. E. Doomes30, R. W. P. Drever5, J.-C. Dumas51, R. J. Dupuis15, J. G. Dwyer11, P. Ehrens15, E. Espinoza15, T. Etzel15, M. Evans15, T. Evans17, S. Fairhurst8,15, Y. Fan51, D. Fazi15, M. M. Fejer31, L. S. Finn33, V. Fiumara46, N. Fotopoulos52, A. Franzen37, K. Y. Franzen40, A. Freise39, R. Frey44, T. Fricke45, P. Fritschel18, V. V. Frolov17, M. Fyffe17, V. Galdi47, K. S. Ganezer6, J. Garofoli16, I. Gholami1, J. A. Giaime17,19, S. Giampanis45, K. D. Giardina17, K. Goda18, E. Goetz43, L. Goggin15, G. González19, S. Gossler4, A. Grant41, S. Gras51, C. Gray16, M. Gray4, J. Greenhalgh27, A. M. Gretarsson12, R. Grosso34, H. Grote2, S. Grunewald1, M. Guenther16, R. Gustafson43, B. Hage37, D. Hammer52, C. Hanna19, J. Hanson17, J. Harms2, G. Harry18, E. Harstad44, T. Hayler27, J. Heefner15, I. S. Heng41, A. Heptonstall41, M. Heurs2, M. Hewitson2, S. Hild37, E. Hirose32, D. Hoak17, D. Hosken38, J. Hough41, E. Howell51, D. Hoyland39, S. H. Huttner41, D. Ingram16, E. Innerhofer18, M. Ito44, Y. Itoh52, A. Ivanov15, D. Jackrel31, B. Johnson16, W. W. Johnson19, D. I. Jones48, G. Jones8, R. Jones41, L. Ju51, P. Kalmus11, V. Kalogera25, D. Kasprzyk39, E. Katsavounidis18, K. Kawabe16, S. Kawamura24, F. Kawazoe24, W. Kells15, D. G. Keppel15, F. Ya. Khalili22, C. Kim25, P. King15, J. S. Kissel19, S. Klimenko40, K. Kokeyama24, V. Kondrashov15, R. K. Kopparapu19, D. Kozak15, B. Krishnan1, P. Kwee37, P. K. Lam4, M. Landry16, B. Lantz31, A. Lazzarini15, B. Lee51, M. Lei15, J. Leiner54, V. Leonhardt24, I. Leonor44, K. Libbrecht15, P. Lindquist15, N. A. Lockerbie49, M. Longo46, M. Lormand17, M. Lubinski16, H. Lück2,37, B. Machenschalk1, M. MacInnis18, M. Mageswaran15, K. Mailand15, M. Malec37, V. Mandic15, S. Marano46, S. Márka11, J. Markowitz18, E. Maros15, I. Martin41, J. N. Marx15, K. Mason18, L. Matone11, V. Matta46, N. Mavalvala18, R. McCarthy16, D. E. McClelland4, S. C. McGuire30, M. McHugh21, K. McKenzie4, J. W. C. McNabb33, S. McWilliams23, T. Meier37, A. Melissinos45, G. Mendell16, R. A. Mercer40, S. Meshkov15, E. Messaritaki15, C. J. Messenger41, D. Meyers15, E. Mikhailov18, S. Mitra14, V. P. Mitrofanov22, G. Mitselmakher40, R. Mittleman18, O. Miyakawa15, S. Mohanty34, G. Moreno16, K. Mossavi2, C. MowLowry4, A. Moylan4, D. Mudge38, G. Mueller40, S. Mukherjee34, H. Müller-Ebhardt2, J. Munch38, P. Murray41, E. Myers16, J. Myers16, T. Nash15, G. Newton41, A. Nishizawa24, F. Nocera15, K. Numata23, B. O’Reilly17, R. O’Shaughnessy25, D. J. Ottaway18, H. Overmier17, B. J. Owen33, Y. Pan42, M. A. Papa1,52, V. Parameshwaraiah16, C. Parameswariah17, P. Patel15, M. Pedraza15, S. Penn13, V. Pierro47, I. M. Pinto47, M. Pitkin41,*, H. Pletsch2, M. V. Plissi41, F. Postiglione46, R. Prix1, V. Quetschke40, F. Raab16, D. Rabeling4, H. Radkins16, R. Rahkola44, N. Rainer2, M. Rakhmanov33, K. Rawlins18, S. Ray-Majumder52, V. Re39, T. Regimbau8, H. Rehbein2, S. Reid41, D. H. Reitze40, L. Ribichini2, R. Riesen17, K. Riles43, B. Rivera16, N. A. Robertson15,41, C. Robinson8, E. L. Robinson39, S. Roddy17, A. Rodriguez19, A. M. Rogan54, J. Rollins11, J. D. Romano8, J. Romie17, R. Route31, S. Rowan41, A. Rüdiger2, L. Ruet18, P. Russell15, K. Ryan16, S. Sakata24, M. Samidi15, L. Sancho de la Jordana36, V. Sandberg16, G. H. Sanders15, V. Sannibale15, S. Saraf26, P. Sarin18, B. S. Sathyaprakash8, S. Sato24, P. R. Saulson32, R. Savage16, P. Savov7, A. Sazonov40, S. Schediwy51, R. Schilling2, R. Schnabel2, R. Schofield44, B. F. Schutz1,8, P. Schwinberg16, S. M. Scott4, A. C. Searle4, B. Sears15, F. Seifert2, D. Sellers17, A. S. Sengupta8, P. Shawhan42, D. H. Shoemaker18, A. Sibley17, J. A. Sidles50, X. Siemens7,15, D. Sigg16, S. Sinha31, A. M. Sintes1,36, B. J. J. Slagmolen4, J. Slutsky19, J. R. Smith2, M. R. Smith15, K. Somiya1,2, K. A. Strain41, D. M. Strom44, A. Stuver33, T. Z. Summerscales3, K.-X. Sun31, M. Sung19, P. J. Sutton15, H. Takahashi1, D. B. Tanner40, M. Tarallo15, R. Taylor15, R. Taylor41, J. Thacker17, K. A. Thorne33, K. S. Thorne7, A. Thüring37, K. V. Tokmakov41, C. Torres34, C. Torrie41, G. Traylor17, M. Trias36, W. Tyler15, D. Ugolini35, C. Ungarelli39, K. Urbanek31, H. Vahlbruch37, M. Vallisneri7, C. Van Den Broeck8, M. van Putten18, M. Varvella15, S. Vass15, A. Vecchio39, J. Veitch41, P. Veitch38, A. Villar15, C. Vorvick16, S. P. Vyachanin22, S. J. Waldman15, L. Wallace15, H. Ward41, R. Ward15, K. Watts17, D. Webber15, A. Weidner2, M. Weinert2, A. Weinstein15, R. Weiss18, S. Wen19, K. Wette4, J. T. Whelan1, D. M. Whitbeck33, S. E. Whitcomb15, B. F. Whiting40, S. Wiley6, C. Wilkinson16, P. A. Willems15, L. Williams40, B. Willke2,37, I. Wilmut27, W. Winkler2, C. C. Wipf18, S. Wise40, A. G. Wiseman52, G. Woan41, D. Woods52, R. Wooley17, J. Worden16, W. Wu40, I. Yakushin17, H. Yamamoto15, Z. Yan51, S. Yoshida29, N. Yunes33, M. Zanolin18, J. Zhang43, L. Zhang15, C. Zhao51, N. Zotov20, M. Zucker18, H. zur Mühlen37, and J. Zweizig15 (LIGO Scientific Collaboration)
1Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
2Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
3Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan 49104 USA
4Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia
5California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
6California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747, USA
7Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
8Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF2 3YB, United Kingdom
9Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
10Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
11Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
12Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301 USA
13Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
14Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune–411007, India
15LIGO–California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
16LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
17LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
18LIGO–Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
19Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
20Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
21Loyola University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
22Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
23NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
24National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
25Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
26Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
27Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX United Kingdom
28San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192, USA
29Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA
30Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
31Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
32Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
33The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
34The University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Southmost College, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
35Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA
36Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
37Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
38University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
39University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
40University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
41University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
42University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
43University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
44University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
45University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
46University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
47University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
48University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
49University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
50University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
51University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
52University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
53Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York 12604, USA
54Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
M. Kramer and A. G. Lyne
University of Manchester, Jodrell Bank Observatory, Macclesfield, SK11 9DL, United Kingdom
See Also:
Publisher's Note
Received 4 April 2007; revised 20 June 2007; published 3 August 2007; publisher error corrected 29 February 2008
We present upper limits on the gravitational wave emission from 78 radio pulsars based on data from the third and fourth science runs of the LIGO and GEO 600 gravitational wave detectors. The data from both runs have been combined coherently to maximize sensitivity. For the first time, pulsars within binary (or multiple) systems have been included in the search by taking into account the signal modulation due to their orbits. Our upper limits are therefore the first measured for 56 of these pulsars. For the remaining 22, our results improve on previous upper limits by up to a factor of 10. For example, our tightest upper limit on the gravitational strain is 2.6×10-25 for PSR J1603-7202, and the equatorial ellipticity of PSR J2124–3358 is less than 10-6. Furthermore, our strain upper limit for the Crab pulsar is only 2.2 times greater than the fiducial spin-down limit.
© 2007 The American Physical Society
URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.76.042001
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevD.76.042001
PACS:
04.80.Nn, 07.05.Kf, 95.55.Ym, 97.60.Gb
See Also
Publisher's Note:
B. Abbott et al. LIGO Scientific Collaboration,
Publisher’s Note: Upper limits on gravitational wave emission from 78 radio pulsars [Phys. Rev. D 76, 042001 (2007)],
Phys. Rev. D 77, 069905 (2008).
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