Phys. Rev. D
76,
062003
(2007)
[12 pages]
Search for gravitational wave radiation associated with the pulsating tail of the SGR 1806-20 hyperflare of 27 December 2004 using LIGO
B. Abbott et al. LIGO Scientific Collaboration
Show All Authors/Affiliations
Hide All Authors/Affiliations
B. Abbott14, R. Abbott14, R. Adhikari14, J. Agresti14, P. Ajith2, B. Allen2,51, R. Amin18, S. B. Anderson14, W. G. Anderson51, M. Arain39, M. Araya14, H. Armandula14, M. Ashley4, S. Aston38, P. Aufmuth36, C. Aulbert1, S. Babak1, S. Ballmer14, H. Bantilan8, B. C. Barish14, C. Barker15, D. Barker15, B. Barr40, P. Barriga50, M. A. Barton40, K. Bayer17, K. Belczynski24, J. Betzwieser17, P. T. Beyersdorf27, B. Bhawal14, I. A. Bilenko21, G. Billingsley14, R. Biswas51, E. Black14, K. Blackburn14, L. Blackburn17, D. Blair50, B. Bland15, J. Bogenstahl40, L. Bogue16, R. Bork14, V. Boschi14, S. Bose52, P. R. Brady51, V. B. Braginsky21, J. E. Brau43, M. Brinkmann2, A. Brooks37, D. A. Brown6,14, A. Bullington30, A. Bunkowski2, A. Buonanno41, O. Burmeister2, D. Busby14, R. L. Byer30, L. Cadonati17, G. Cagnoli40, J. B. Camp22, J. Cannizzo22, K. Cannon51, C. A. Cantley40, J. Cao17, L. Cardenas14, M. M. Casey40, G. Castaldi46, C. Cepeda14, E. Chalkey40, P. Charlton9, S. Chatterji14, S. Chelkowski2, Y. Chen1, F. Chiadini45, D. Chin42, E. Chin50, J. Chow4, N. Christensen8, J. Clark40, P. Cochrane2, T. Cokelaer7, C. N. Colacino38, R. Coldwell39, R. Conte45, D. Cook15, T. Corbitt17, D. Coward50, D. Coyne14, J. D. E. Creighton51, T. D. Creighton14, R. P. Croce46, D. R. M. Crooks40, A. M. Cruise38, A. Cumming40, J. Dalrymple31, E. D’Ambrosio14, K. Danzmann2,36, G. Davies7, D. DeBra30, J. Degallaix50, M. Degree30, T. Demma46, V. Dergachev42, S. Desai32, R. DeSalvo14, S. Dhurandhar13, M. Díaz33, J. Dickson4, A. Di Credico31, G. Diederichs36, A. Dietz7, E. E. Doomes29, R. W. P. Drever5, J.-C. Dumas50, R. J. Dupuis14, J. G. Dwyer10, P. Ehrens14, E. Espinoza14, T. Etzel14, M. Evans14, T. Evans16, S. Fairhurst7,14, Y. Fan50, D. Fazi14, M. M. Fejer30, L. S. Finn32, V. Fiumara45, N. Fotopoulos51, A. Franzen36, K. Y. Franzen39, A. Freise38, R. Frey43, T. Fricke44, P. Fritschel17, V. V. Frolov16, M. Fyffe16, V. Galdi46, J. Garofoli15, I. Gholami1, J. A. Giaime16,18, S. Giampanis44, K. D. Giardina16, K. Goda17, E. Goetz42, L. Goggin14, G. González18, S. Gossler4, A. Grant40, S. Gras50, C. Gray15, M. Gray4, J. Greenhalgh26, A. M. Gretarsson11, R. Grosso33, H. Grote2, S. Grunewald1, M. Guenther15, R. Gustafson42, B. Hage36, D. Hammer51, C. Hanna18, J. Hanson16, J. Harms2, G. Harry17, E. Harstad43, T. Hayler26, J. Heefner14, I. S. Heng40, A. Heptonstall40, M. Heurs2, M. Hewitson2, S. Hild36, E. Hirose31, D. Hoak16, D. Hosken37, J. Hough40, E. Howell50, D. Hoyland38, S. H. Huttner40, D. Ingram15, E. Innerhofer17, M. Ito43, Y. Itoh51, A. Ivanov14, D. Jackrel30, B. Johnson15, W. W. Johnson18, D. I. Jones47, G. Jones7, R. Jones40, L. Ju50, P. Kalmus10, V. Kalogera24, S. Kamat10, D. Kasprzyk38, E. Katsavounidis17, K. Kawabe15, S. Kawamura23, F. Kawazoe23, W. Kells14, D. G. Keppel14, F. Ya. Khalili21, C. Kim24, P. King14, J. S. Kissel18, S. Klimenko39, K. Kokeyama23, V. Kondrashov14, R. K. Kopparapu18, D. Kozak14, B. Krishnan1, P. Kwee36, P. K. Lam4, M. Landry15, B. Lantz30, A. Lazzarini14, B. Lee50, M. Lei14, J. Leiner52, V. Leonhardt23, I. Leonor43, K. Libbrecht14, P. Lindquist14, N. A. Lockerbie48, M. Longo45, M. Lormand16, M. Lubinski15, H. Lück2,36, B. Machenschalk1, M. MacInnis17, M. Mageswaran14, K. Mailand14, M. Malec36, V. Mandic14, S. Marano45, S. Márka10, J. Markowitz17, E. Maros14, I. Martin40, J. N. Marx14, K. Mason17, L. Matone10, V. Matta45, N. Mavalvala17, R. McCarthy15, D. E. McClelland4, S. C. McGuire29, M. McHugh20, K. McKenzie4, J. W. C. McNabb32, S. McWilliams22, T. Meier36, A. Melissinos44, G. Mendell15, R. A. Mercer39, S. Meshkov14, E. Messaritaki14, C. J. Messenger40, D. Meyers14, E. Mikhailov17, S. Mitra13, V. P. Mitrofanov21, G. Mitselmakher39, R. Mittleman17, O. Miyakawa14, S. Mohanty33, G. Moreno15, K. Mossavi2, C. MowLowry4, A. Moylan4, D. Mudge37, G. Mueller39, S. Mukherjee33, H. Müller-Ebhardt2, J. Munch37, P. Murray40, E. Myers15, J. Myers15, T. Nash14, G. Newton40, A. Nishizawa23, K. Numata22, B. O’Reilly16, R. O’Shaughnessy24, D. J. Ottaway17, H. Overmier16, B. J. Owen32, Y. Pan41, M. A. Papa1,51, V. Parameshwaraiah15, P. Patel14, M. Pedraza14, S. Penn12, V. Pierro46, I. M. Pinto46, M. Pitkin40, H. Pletsch2, M. V. Plissi40, F. Postiglione45, R. Prix1, V. Quetschke39, F. Raab15, D. Rabeling4, H. Radkins15, R. Rahkola43, N. Rainer2, M. Rakhmanov32, K. Rawlins17, S. Ray-Majumder51, V. Re38, H. Rehbein2, S. Reid40, D. H. Reitze39, L. Ribichini2, R. Riesen16, K. Riles42, B. Rivera15, N. A. Robertson14,40, C. Robinson7, E. L. Robinson38, S. Roddy16, A. Rodriguez18, A. M. Rogan52, J. Rollins10, J. D. Romano7, J. Romie16, R. Route30, S. Rowan40, A. Rüdiger2, L. Ruet17, P. Russell14, K. Ryan15, S. Sakata23, M. Samidi14, L. Sancho de la Jordana35, V. Sandberg15, V. Sannibale14, S. Saraf25, P. Sarin17, B. S. Sathyaprakash7, S. Sato23, P. R. Saulson31, R. Savage15, P. Savov6, S. Schediwy50, R. Schilling2, R. Schnabel2, R. Schofield43, B. F. Schutz1,7, P. Schwinberg15, S. M. Scott4, A. C. Searle4, B. Sears14, F. Seifert2, D. Sellers16, A. S. Sengupta7, P. Shawhan41, D. H. Shoemaker17, A. Sibley16, J. A. Sidles49, X. Siemens6,14, D. Sigg15, S. Sinha30, A. M. Sintes1,35, B. J. J. Slagmolen4, J. Slutsky18, J. R. Smith2, M. R. Smith14, K. Somiya2,1, K. A. Strain40, D. M. Strom43, A. Stuver32, T. Z. Summerscales3, K.-X. Sun30, M. Sung18, P. J. Sutton14, H. Takahashi1, D. B. Tanner39, M. Tarallo14, R. Taylor14, R. Taylor40, J. Thacker16, K. A. Thorne32, K. S. Thorne6, A. Thüring36, M. Tinto14, K. V. Tokmakov40, C. Torres33, C. Torrie40, G. Traylor16, M. Trias35, W. Tyler14, D. Ugolini34, C. Ungarelli38, K. Urbanek30, H. Vahlbruch36, M. Vallisneri6, C. Van Den Broeck7, M. Varvella14, S. Vass14, A. Vecchio38, J. Veitch40, P. Veitch37, A. Villar14, C. Vorvick15, S. P. Vyachanin21, S. J. Waldman14, L. Wallace14, H. Ward40, R. Ward14, K. Watts16, D. Webber14, A. Weidner2, M. Weinert2, A. Weinstein14, R. Weiss17, S. Wen18, K. Wette4, J. T. Whelan1, D. M. Whitbeck32, S. E. Whitcomb14, B. F. Whiting39, C. Wilkinson15, P. A. Willems14, L. Williams39, B. Willke2,36, I. Wilmut26, W. Winkler2, C. C. Wipf17, S. Wise39, A. G. Wiseman51, G. Woan40, D. Woods51, R. Wooley16, J. Worden15, W. Wu39, I. Yakushin16, H. Yamamoto14, Z. Yan50, S. Yoshida28, N. Yunes32, M. Zanolin17, J. Zhang42, L. Zhang14, C. Zhao50, N. Zotov19, M. Zucker17, H. zur Mühlen36, and J. Zweizig14 (LIGO Scientific Collaboration)
1Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
2Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
3Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan 49104 USA
4Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia
5California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
6Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
7Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF2 3YB, United Kingdom
8Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
9Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
10Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
11Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301 USA
12Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
13Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune - 411007, India
14LIGO—California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
15LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
16LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
17LIGO—Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
18Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
19Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
20Loyola University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
21Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
22NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
23National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
24Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
25Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
26Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX United Kingdom
27San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192, USA
28Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA
29Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
30Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
31Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
32The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
33The University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Southmost College, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
34Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA
35Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
36Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
37University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
38University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
39University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
40University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
41University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
42University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
43University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
44University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
45University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
46University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
47University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
48University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
49University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
50University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
51University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
52Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
Received 9 April 2007; published 27 September 2007
We have searched for gravitational waves (GWs) associated with the SGR 1806-20 hyperflare of 27 December 2004. This event, originating from a Galactic neutron star, displayed exceptional energetics. Recent investigations of the x-ray light curve’s pulsating tail revealed the presence of quasiperiodic oscillations (QPOs) in the 30–2000 Hz frequency range, most of which coincides with the bandwidth of the LIGO detectors. These QPOs, with well-characterized frequencies, can plausibly be attributed to seismic modes of the neutron star which could emit GWs. Our search targeted potential quasimonochromatic GWs lasting for tens of seconds and emitted at the QPO frequencies. We have observed no candidate signals above a predetermined threshold, and our lowest upper limit was set by the 92.5 Hz QPO observed in the interval from 150 s to 260 s after the start of the flare. This bound corresponds to a (90% confidence) root-sum-squared amplitude hrss-det90%=4.5×10-22 strain Hz-1/2 on the GW waveform strength in the detectable polarization state reaching our Hanford (WA) 4 km detector. We illustrate the astrophysical significance of the result via an estimated characteristic energy in GW emission that we would expect to be able to detect. The above result corresponds to 7.7×1046 erg (=4.3×10-8 M⊙c2), which is of the same order as the total (isotropic) energy emitted in the electromagnetic spectrum. This result provides a means to probe the energy reservoir of the source with the best upper limit on the GW waveform strength published and represents the first broadband asteroseismology measurement using a GW detector.
© 2007 The American Physical Society
URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.76.062003
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevD.76.062003
PACS:
04.80.Nn, 04.30.Db, 07.05.Kf, 95.85.Sz
|
|
