Phys. Rev. D
76,
082001
(2007)
[35 pages]
Searches for periodic gravitational waves from unknown isolated sources and Scorpius X-1: Results from the second LIGO science run
B. Abbott et al. LIGO Scientific Collaboration
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B. Abbott15, R. Abbott15, R. Adhikari15, J. Agresti15, P. Ajith2, B. Allen2,54, R. Amin19, S. B. Anderson15, W. G. Anderson54, M. Arain41, M. Araya15, H. Armandula15, M. Ashley4, S Aston40, P. Aufmuth38, C. Aulbert1, S. Babak1, S. Ballmer15, H. Bantilan9, B. C. Barish15, C. Barker16, D. Barker16, B. Barr42, P. Barriga53, M. A. Barton42, K. Bayer18, K. Belczynski26, S. J. Berukoff1, J. Betzwieser18, P. T. Beyersdorf29, B. Bhawal15, I. A. Bilenko23, G. Billingsley15, R. Biswas54, E. Black15, K. Blackburn15, L. Blackburn18, B. Blair53, B. Bland16, J. Bogenstahl42, L. Bogue17, R. Bork15, V. Boschi15, S. Bose56, P. R. Brady54, V. B. Braginsky23, J. E. Brau45, M. Brinkmann2, A. Brooks39, D. A. Brown15,7, A. Bullington32, A. Bunkowski2, A. Buonanno43, O. Burmeister2, D. Busby15, W. E. Butler46, R. L. Byer32, L. Cadonati18, G. Cagnoli42, J. B. Camp24, J. Cannizzo24, K. Cannon54, C. A. Cantley42, J. Cao18, L. Cardenas15, K. Carter17, M. M. Casey42, G. Castaldi48, C. Cepeda15, E. Chalkey42, P. Charlton10, S. Chatterji15, S. Chelkowski2, Y. Chen1, F. Chiadini47, D. Chin44, E. Chin53, J. Chow4, N. Christensen9, J. Clark42, .P Cochrane2, T. Cokelaer8, C. N. Colacino40, R. Coldwell41, M. Coles17, R. Conte47, D. Cook16, T. Corbitt18, D. Coward53, D. Coyne15, J. D. E. Creighton54, T. D. Creighton15, R. P. Croce48, D. R. M. Crooks42, A. M. Cruise40, P. Csatorday18, A. Cumming42, C. Cutler7, J. Dalrymple33, E. D’Ambrosio15, K. Danzmann38,2, G. Davies8, E. Daw49, D. DeBra32, J. Degallaix53, M. Degree32, T. Delker41, T. Demma48, V. Dergachev44, S. Desai34, R. DeSalvo15, S. Dhurandhar14, M. Díaz35, J. Dickson4, A. Di Credico33, G. Diederichs38, A. Dietz8, H. Ding15, E. E. Doomes31, R. W. P. Drever5, J.-C. Dumas53, R. J. Dupuis15, J. G. Dwyer11, P. Ehrens15, E. Espinoza15, T. Etzel15, M. Evans15, T. Evans17, S. Fairhurst8,15, Y. Fan53, D. Fazi15, M. M. Fejer32, L. S. Finn34, V. Fiumara47, N. Fotopoulos54, A. Franzen38, K. Y. Franzen41, A. Freise40, R. Frey45, T. Fricke46, P. Fritschel18, V. V. Frolov17, M. Fyffe17, V. Galdi48, K. S. Ganezer6, J. Garofoli16, I. Gholami1, J. A. Giaime17,19, S. Giampanis46, K. D. Giardina17, K. Goda18, E. Goetz44, L. M. Goggin15, G. González19, S. Gossler4, A. Grant42, S. Gras53, C. Gray16, M. Gray4, J. Greenhalgh28, A. M. Gretarsson12, R. Grosso35, H. Grote2, S. Grunewald1, M. Guenther16, R. Gustafson44, B. Hage38, D. Hammer54, C. Hanna19, J. Hanson17, J. Harms2, G. Harry18, E. Harstad45, T. Hayler28, J. Heefner15, G. Heinzel2, I. S. Heng42, A. Heptonstall42, M. Heurs2, M. Hewitson2, S. Hild38, E. Hirose33, D. Hoak17, D. Hosken39, J. Hough42, E. Howell53, D. Hoyland40, S. H. Huttner42, D. Ingram16, E. Innerhofer18, M. Ito45, Y. Itoh54, A. Ivanov15, D. Jackrel32, O. Jennrich42, B. Johnson16, W. W. Johnson19, W. R. Johnston35, D. I. Jones50, G. Jones8, R. Jones42, L. Ju53, P. Kalmus11, V. Kalogera26, D. Kasprzyk40, E. Katsavounidis18, K. Kawabe16, S. Kawamura25, F. Kawazoe25, W. Kells15, D. G. Keppel15, F. Ya. Khalili23, C. J. Killow42, C. Kim26, P. King15, J. S. Kissell19, S. Klimenko41, K. Kokeyama25, V. Kondrashov15, R. K. Kopparapu19, D. Kozak15, B. Krishnan1, P. Kwee38, P. K. Lam4, M. Landry16, B. Lantz32, A. Lazzarini15, B. Lee53, M. Lei15, J. Leiner56, V. Leonhardt25, I. Leonor45, K. Libbrecht15, A. Libson9, P. Lindquist15, N. A. Lockerbie51, J. Logan15, M. Longo47, M. Lormand17, M. Lubinski16, H. Lück38,2, B. Machenschalk1, M. MacInnis18, M. Mageswaran15, K. Mailand15, M. Malec38, V. Mandic15, S. Marano47, S. Márka11, J. Markowitz18, E. Maros15, I. Martin42, J. N. Marx15, K. Mason18, L. Matone11, V. Matta47, N. Mavalvala18, R. McCarthy16, D. E. McClelland4, S. C. McGuire31, M. McHugh21, K. McKenzie4, J. W. C. McNabb34, S. McWilliams24, T. Meier38, A. Melissinos46, G. Mendell16, R. A. Mercer41, S. Meshkov15, E. Messaritaki15, C. J. Messenger42, D. Meyers15, E. Mikhailov18, S. Mitra14, V. P. Mitrofanov23, G. Mitselmakher41, R. Mittleman18, O. Miyakawa15, S. Mohanty35, G. Moreno16, K. Mossavi2, C. MowLowry4, A. Moylan4, D. Mudge39, G. Mueller41, S. Mukherjee35, H. Müller-Ebhardt2, J. Munch39, P. Murray42, E. Myers16, J. Myers16, S. Nagano2, T. Nash15, G. Newton42, A. Nishizawa25, F. Nocera15, K. Numata24, P. Nutzman26, B. O’Reilly17, R. O’Shaughnessy26, D. J. Ottaway18, H. Overmier17, B. J. Owen34, Y. Pan43, M. A. Papa1,54, V. Parameshwaraiah16, C. Parameswariah17, P. Patel15, M. Pedraza15, S. Penn13, V. Pierro48, I. M. Pinto48, M. Pitkin42, H. Pletsch2, M. V. Plissi42, F. Postiglione47, R. Prix1, V. Quetschke41, F. Raab16, D. Rabeling4, H. Radkins16, R. Rahkola45, N. Rainer2, M. Rakhmanov34, M. Ramsunder34, K. Rawlins18, S. Ray-Majumder54, V. Re40, T. Regimbau8, H. Rehbein2, S. Reid42, D. H. Reitze41, L. Ribichini2, S. Richman18, R. Riesen17, K. Riles44, B. Rivera16, N. A. Robertson15,42, C. Robinson8, E. L. Robison40, S. Roddy17, A. Rodriguez19, A. M. Rogan56, J. Rollins11, J. D. Romano8, J. Romie17, H. Rong41, R. Route32, S. Rowan42, A. Rüdiger2, L. Ruet18, P. Russell15, K. Ryan16, S. Sakata25, M. Samidi15, L. Sancho de la Jordana37, V. Sandberg16, G. H. Sanders15, V. Sannibale15, S. Saraf27, P. Sarin18, B. Sathyaprakash8, S. Sato25, P. R. Saulson33, R. Savage16, P. Savov7, A. Sazonov41, S. Schediwy53, R. Schilling2, R. Schnabel2, R. Schofield45, B. F. Schutz1,8, P. Schwinberg16, S. M. Scott4, A. C. Searle4, B. Sears15, F. Seifert2, D. Sellers17, A. S. Sengupta8, P. Shawhan43, D. H. Shoemaker18, A. Sibley17, J. A. Sidles52, X. Siemens15,7, D. Sigg16, S. Sinha32, A. M. Sintes37,1, B. J. J. Slagmolen4, J. Slutsky19, J. R. Smith2, M. R. Smith15, K. Somiya2,1, K. A. Strain42, N. E. Strand34, D. M. Strom45, A. Stuver34, T. Z. Summerscales3, K.-X. Sun32, M. Sung19, P. J. Sutton15, J. Sylvestre15, H. Takahashi1, A. Takamori15, D. B. Tanner41, M. Tarallo15, R. Taylor15, R. Taylor42, J. Thacker17, K. A. Thorne34, K. S. Thorne7, A. Thüring38, M. Tinto5, K. V. Tokmakov42, C. Torres35, C. Torrie42, G. Traylor17, M. Trias37, W. Tyler15, D. Ugolini36, C. Ungarelli40, K. Urbanek32, H. Vahlbruch38, M. Vallisneri7, C. Van Den Broeck8, M. van Putten18, M. Varvella15, S. Vass15, A. Vecchio40, J. Veitch42, P. Veitch39, A. Villar15, C. Vorvick16, S. P. Vyachanin23, S. J. Waldman15, L. Wallace15, H. Ward42, R. Ward15, K. Watts17, D. Webber15, A. Weidner2, M. Weinert2, A. Weinstein15, R. Weiss18, L. Wen1, S. Wen19, K. Wette4, J. T. Whelan1, D.. M. Whitbeck34, S. E. Whitcomb15, B. F. Whiting41, S. Wiley6, C. Wilkinson16, P. A. Willems15, L. Williams41, B. Willke38,2, I. Wilmut28, W. Winkler2, C. C. Wipf18, S. Wise41, A. G. Wiseman54, G. Woan42, D. Woods54, R. Wooley17, J. Worden16, W. Wu41, I. Yakushin17, H. Yamamoto15, Z. Yan53, S. Yoshida30, N. Yunes34, K. D. Zaleski34, M. Zanolin18, J. Zhang44, L. Zhang15, C. Zhao53, N. Zotov20, M. Zucker18, H. zur Mühlen38, and J. Zweizig15 (LIGO Scientific Collaboration)
1Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
2Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
3Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan 49104, USA
4Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia
5California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
6California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747, USA
7Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
8Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF2 3YB, United Kingdom
9Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
10Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
11Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
12Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, AZ 86301 USA
13Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
14Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune - 411007, India
15LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
16LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
17LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
18LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
19Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
20Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
21Loyola University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
22Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748, Garching, Germany
23Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
24NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
25National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
26Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
27Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, NY 14623, USA
28Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX United Kingdom
29San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192, USA
30Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA
31Southern University, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA
32Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
33Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
34The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
35The University of Texas at Brownsville, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA and Texas Southmost College, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
36Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA
37Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
38Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
39University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
40University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
41University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
42University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
43University of Maryland, College Park, Massachusetts 20742, USA
44University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
45University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
46University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
47University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
48University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
49University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
50University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
51University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
52University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
53University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
54University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
55Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York 12604, USA
56Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
Received 12 June 2006; revised 2 April 2007; published 24 October 2007
We carry out two searches for periodic gravitational waves using the most sensitive few hours of data from the second LIGO science run. Both searches exploit fully coherent matched filtering and cover wide areas of parameter space, an innovation over previous analyses which requires considerable algorithm development and computational power. The first search is targeted at isolated, previously unknown neutron stars, covers the entire sky in the frequency band 160–728.8 Hz, and assumes a frequency derivative of less than 4×10-10 Hz/s. The second search targets the accreting neutron star in the low-mass x-ray binary Scorpius X-1 and covers the frequency bands 464–484 Hz and 604–624 Hz as well as the two relevant binary orbit parameters. Because of the high computational cost of these searches we limit the analyses to the most sensitive 10 hours and 6 hours of data, respectively. Given the limited sensitivity and duration of the analyzed data set, we do not attempt deep follow-up studies. Rather we concentrate on demonstrating the data analysis method on a real data set and present our results as upper limits over large volumes of the parameter space. In order to achieve this, we look for coincidences in parameter space between the Livingston and Hanford 4-km interferometers. For isolated neutron stars our 95% confidence level upper limits on the gravitational wave strain amplitude range from 6.6×10-23 to 1×10-21 across the frequency band; for Scorpius X-1 they range from 1.7×10-22 to 1.3×10-21 across the two 20-Hz frequency bands. The upper limits presented in this paper are the first broadband wide parameter space upper limits on periodic gravitational waves from coherent search techniques. The methods developed here lay the foundations for upcoming hierarchical searches of more sensitive data which may detect astrophysical signals.
© 2007 The American Physical Society
URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.76.082001
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevD.76.082001
PACS:
04.80.Nn, 07.05.Kf, 95.55.Ym, 97.60.Gb
*Electronic address: http://www.ligo.org
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