Phys. Rev. D
77,
022001
(2008)
[38 pages]
All-sky search for periodic gravitational waves in LIGO S4 data
B. Abbott et al. LIGO Scientific Collaboration
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B. Abbott14, R. Abbott14, R. Adhikari14, J. Agresti14, P. Ajith2, B. Allen2,51, R. Amin18, S. B. Anderson14, W. G. Anderson51, M. Arain39, M. Araya14, H. Armandula14, M. Ashley4, S. Aston38, P. Aufmuth36, C. Aulbert1, S. Babak1, S. Ballmer14, H. Bantilan8, B. C. Barish14, C. Barker15, D. Barker15, B. Barr40, P. Barriga50, M. A. Barton40, K. Bayer17, K. Belczynski24, J. Betzwieser17, P. T. Beyersdorf27, B. Bhawal14, I. A. Bilenko21, G. Billingsley14, R. Biswas51, E. Black14, K. Blackburn14, L. Blackburn17, D. Blair50, B. Bland15, J. Bogenstahl40, L. Bogue16, R. Bork14, V. Boschi14, S. Bose52, P. R. Brady51, V. B. Braginsky21, J. E. Brau43, M. Brinkmann2, A. Brooks37, D. A. Brown14,6, A. Bullington30, A. Bunkowski2, A. Buonanno41, O. Burmeister2, D. Busby14, R. L. Byer30, L. Cadonati17, G. Cagnoli40, J. B. Camp22, J. Cannizzo22, K. Cannon51, C. A. Cantley40, J. Cao17, L. Cardenas14, M. M. Casey40, G. Castaldi46, C. Cepeda14, E. Chalkley40, P. Charlton9, S. Chatterji14, S. Chelkowski2, Y. Chen1, F. Chiadini45, D. Chin42, E. Chin50, J. Chow4, N. Christensen8, J. Clark40, P. Cochrane2, T. Cokelaer7, C. N. Colacino38, R. Coldwell39, R. Conte45, D. Cook15, T. Corbitt17, D. Coward50, D. Coyne14, J. D. E. Creighton51, T. D. Creighton14, R. P. Croce46, D. R. M. Crooks40, A. M. Cruise38, A. Cumming40, J. Dalrymple31, E. D’Ambrosio14, K. Danzmann36,2, G. Davies7, D. DeBra30, J. Degallaix50, M. Degree30, T. Demma46, V. Dergachev42, S. Desai32, R. DeSalvo14, S. Dhurandhar13, M. Díaz33, J. Dickson4, A. Di Credico31, G. Diederichs36, A. Dietz7, E. E. Doomes29, R. W. P. Drever5, J.-C. Dumas50, R. J. Dupuis14, J. G. Dwyer10, P. Ehrens14, E. Espinoza14, T. Etzel14, M. Evans14, T. Evans16, S. Fairhurst7,14, Y. Fan50, D. Fazi14, M. M. Fejer30, L. S. Finn32, V. Fiumara45, N. Fotopoulos51, A. Franzen36, K. Y. Franzen39, A. Freise38, R. Frey43, T. Fricke44, P. Fritschel17, V. V. Frolov16, M. Fyffe16, V. Galdi46, J. Garofoli15, I. Gholami1, J. A. Giaime16,18, S. Giampanis44, K. D. Giardina16, K. Goda17, E. Goetz42, L. M. Goggin14, G. González18, S. Gossler4, A. Grant40, S. Gras50, C. Gray15, M. Gray4, J. Greenhalgh26, A. M. Gretarsson11, R. Grosso33, H. Grote2, S. Grunewald1, M. Guenther15, R. Gustafson42, B. Hage36, D. Hammer51, C. Hanna18, J. Hanson16, J. Harms2, G. Harry17, E. Harstad43, T. Hayler26, J. Heefner14, I. S. Heng40, A. Heptonstall40, M. Heurs2, M. Hewitson2, S. Hild36, E. Hirose31, D. Hoak16, D. Hosken37, J. Hough40, E. Howell50, D. Hoyland38, S. H. Huttner40, D. Ingram15, E. Innerhofer17, M. Ito43, Y. Itoh51, A. Ivanov14, D. Jackrel30, B. Johnson15, W. W. Johnson18, D. I. Jones47, G. Jones7, R. Jones40, L. Ju50, P. Kalmus10, V. Kalogera24, D. Kasprzyk38, E. Katsavounidis17, K. Kawabe15, S. Kawamura23, F. Kawazoe23, W. Kells14, D. G. Keppel14, F. Ya. Khalili21, C. Kim24, P. King14, J. S. Kissel18, S. Klimenko39, K. Kokeyama23, V. Kondrashov14, R. K. Kopparapu18, D. Kozak14, B. Krishnan1, P. Kwee36, P. K. Lam4, M. Landry15, B. Lantz30, A. Lazzarini14, B. Lee50, M. Lei14, J. Leiner52, V. Leonhardt23, I. Leonor43, K. Libbrecht14, P. Lindquist14, N. A. Lockerbie48, M. Longo45, M. Lormand16, M. Lubinski15, H. Lück36,2, B. Machenschalk1, M. MacInnis17, M. Mageswaran14, K. Mailand14, M. Malec36, V. Mandic14, S. Marano45, S. Márka10, J. Markowitz17, E. Maros14, I. Martin40, J. N. Marx14, K. Mason17, L. Matone10, V. Matta45, N. Mavalvala17, R. McCarthy15, D. E. McClelland4, S. C. McGuire29, M. McHugh20, K. McKenzie4, J. W. C. McNabb32, S. McWilliams22, T. Meier36, A. Melissinos44, G. Mendell15, R. A. Mercer39, S. Meshkov14, C. J. Messenger40, D. Meyers14, E. Mikhailov17, S. Mitra13, V. P. Mitrofanov21, G. Mitselmakher39, R. Mittleman17, O. Miyakawa14, S. Mohanty33, G. Moreno15, K. Mossavi2, C. MowLowry4, A. Moylan4, D. Mudge37, G. Mueller39, S. Mukherjee33, H. Müller-Ebhardt2, J. Munch37, P. Murray40, E. Myers15, J. Myers15, T. Nash14, G. Newton40, A. Nishizawa23, K. Numata22, B. O’Reilly16, R. O’Shaughnessy24, D. J. Ottaway17, H. Overmier16, B. J. Owen32, Y. Pan41, M. A. Papa1,51, V. Parameshwaraiah15, P. Patel14, M. Pedraza14, S. Penn12, V. Pierro46, I. M. Pinto46, M. Pitkin40, H. Pletsch2, M. V. Plissi40, F. Postiglione45, R. Prix1, V. Quetschke39, F. Raab15, D. Rabeling4, H. Radkins15, R. Rahkola43, N. Rainer2, M. Rakhmanov32, M. Ramsunder32, K. Rawlins17, S. Ray-Majumder51, V. Re38, H. Rehbein2, S. Reid40, D. H. Reitze39, L. Ribichini2, R. Riesen16, K. Riles42, B. Rivera15, N. A. Robertson14,40, C. Robinson7, E. L. Robinson38, S. Roddy16, A. Rodriguez18, A. M. Rogan52, J. Rollins10, J. D. Romano7, J. Romie16, R. Route30, S. Rowan40, A. Rüdiger2, L. Ruet17, P. Russell14, K. Ryan15, S. Sakata23, M. Samidi14, L. Sancho de la Jordana35, V. Sandberg15, V. Sannibale14, S. Saraf25, P. Sarin17, B. S. Sathyaprakash7, S. Sato23, P. R. Saulson31, R. Savage15, P. Savov6, S. Schediwy50, R. Schilling2, R. Schnabel2, R. Schofield43, B. F. Schutz1,7, P. Schwinberg15, S. M. Scott4, A. C. Searle4, B. Sears14, F. Seifert2, D. Sellers16, A. S. Sengupta7, P. Shawhan41, D. H. Shoemaker17, A. Sibley16, X. Siemens14,6, D. Sigg15, S. Sinha30, A. M. Sintes35,1, B. J. J. Slagmolen4, J. Slutsky18, J. R. Smith2, M. R. Smith14, K. Somiya2,1, K. A. Strain40, D. M. Strom43, A. Stuver32, T. Z. Summerscales3, K.-X. Sun30, M. Sung18, P. J. Sutton14, H. Takahashi1, D. B. Tanner39, M. Tarallo14, R. Taylor14, R. Taylor40, J. Thacker16, K. A. Thorne32, K. S. Thorne6, A. Thüring36, K. V. Tokmakov40, C. Torres33, C. Torrie40, G. Traylor16, M. Trias35, W. Tyler14, D. Ugolini34, C. Ungarelli38, K. Urbanek30, H. Vahlbruch36, M. Vallisneri6, C. Van Den Broeck7, M. Varvella14, S. Vass14, A. Vecchio38, J. Veitch40, P. Veitch37, A. Villar14, C. Vorvick15, S. P. Vyachanin21, S. J. Waldman14, L. Wallace14, H. Ward40, R. Ward14, K. Watts16, D. Webber14, A. Weidner2, M. Weinert2, A. Weinstein14, R. Weiss17, S. Wen18, K. Wette4, J. T. Whelan1, D. M. Whitbeck32, S. E. Whitcomb14, B. F. Whiting39, C. Wilkinson15, P. A. Willems14, L. Williams39, B. Willke36,2, I. Wilmut26, W. Winkler2, C. C. Wipf17, S. Wise39, A. G. Wiseman51, G. Woan40, D. Woods51, R. Wooley16, J. Worden15, W. Wu39, I. Yakushin16, H. Yamamoto14, Z. Yan50, S. Yoshida28, N. Yunes32, M. Zanolin17, J. Zhang42, L. Zhang14, C. Zhao50, N. Zotov19, M. Zucker17, H. zur Mühlen36, and J. Zweizig14 (LIGO Scientific Collaboration)
1Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
2Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
3Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan 49104 USA
4Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia
5California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
6Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
7Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
8Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
9Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
10Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
11Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301 USA
12Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
13Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune - 411007, India
36Leibnitz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
14LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
15LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
16LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
17LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
18Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
19Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
20Loyola University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
21Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
22NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
23National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
24Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
25Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
26Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX United Kingdom
27San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192, USA
28Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA
29Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
30Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
31Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
32The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
33The University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Southmost College, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
34Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA
35Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
37University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
38University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
39University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
40University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
41University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
42University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
43University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
44University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
45University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
46University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
47University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
48University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
50University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
51University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
52Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
See Also:
Publisher's Note, Erratum
Received 11 September 2007; published 10 January 2008; publisher error corrected 29 February 2008
We report on an all-sky search with the LIGO detectors for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range 50–1000 Hz and with the frequency’s time derivative in the range -1×10-8 Hz s-1 to zero. Data from the fourth LIGO science run (S4) have been used in this search. Three different semicoherent methods of transforming and summing strain power from short Fourier transforms (SFTs) of the calibrated data have been used. The first, known as StackSlide, averages normalized power from each SFT. A “weighted Hough” scheme is also developed and used, which also allows for a multi-interferometer search. The third method, known as PowerFlux, is a variant of the StackSlide method in which the power is weighted before summing. In both the weighted Hough and PowerFlux methods, the weights are chosen according to the noise and detector antenna-pattern to maximize the signal-to-noise ratio. The respective advantages and disadvantages of these methods are discussed. Observing no evidence of periodic gravitational radiation, we report upper limits; we interpret these as limits on this radiation from isolated rotating neutron stars. The best population-based upper limit with 95% confidence on the gravitational-wave strain amplitude, found for simulated sources distributed isotropically across the sky and with isotropically distributed spin axes, is 4.28×10-24 (near 140 Hz). Strict upper limits are also obtained for small patches on the sky for best-case and worst-case inclinations of the spin axes.
© 2008 The American Physical Society
URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.77.022001
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevD.77.022001
PACS:
04.80.Nn, 07.05.Kf, 95.55.Ym, 97.60.Gb
See Also
Publisher's Note:
B. Abbott et al. LIGO Scientific Collaboration,
Publisher’s Note: All-sky search for periodic gravitational waves in LIGO S4 data [Phys. Rev. D 77, 022001 (2008)],
Phys. Rev. D 77, 069902 (2008).
Erratum:
B. Abbott et al.,
Erratum: All-sky search for periodic gravitational waves in LIGO S4 data [Phys. Rev. D 77, 022001 (2008)],
Phys. Rev. D 80, 129904 (2009).
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