Phys. Rev. D
77,
062004
(2008)
[22 pages]
Search for gravitational waves associated with 39 gamma-ray bursts using data from the second, third, and fourth LIGO runs
B. Abbott et al. The LIGO Scientific Collaboration
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B. Abbott15, R. Abbott15, R. Adhikari15, J. Agresti15, P. Ajith2, B. Allen2,54, R. Amin19, S. B. Anderson15, W. G. Anderson54, M. Arain41, M. Araya15, H. Armandula15, M. Ashley4, S. Aston40, P. Aufmuth38, C. Aulbert1, S. Babak1, S. Ballmer15, H. Bantilan9, B. C. Barish15, C. Barker16, D. Barker16, B. Barr42, P. Barriga53, M. A. Barton42, K. Bayer18, K. Belczynski26, S. J. Berukoff1, J. Betzwieser18, P. T. Beyersdorf29, B. Bhawal15, I. A. Bilenko23, G. Billingsley15, R. Biswas54, E. Black15, K. Blackburn15, L. Blackburn18, D. Blair53, B. Bland16, J. Bogenstahl42, L. Bogue17, R. Bork15, V. Boschi15, S. Bose56, P. R. Brady54, V. B. Braginsky23, J. E. Brau45, M. Brinkmann2, A. Brooks39, D. A. Brown15,7, A. Bullington32, A. Bunkowski2, A. Buonanno43, O. Burmeister2, D. Busby15, W. E. Butler46, R. L. Byer32, L. Cadonati18, G. Cagnoli42, J. B. Camp24, J. Cannizzo24, K. Cannon54, C. A. Cantley42, J. Cao18, L. Cardenas15, K. Carter17, M. M. Casey42, G. Castaldi48, C. Cepeda15, E. Chalkley42, P. Charlton10, S. Chatterji15, S. Chelkowski2, Y. Chen1, F. Chiadini47, D. Chin44, E. Chin53, J. Chow4, N. Christensen9, J. Clark42, P. Cochrane2, T. Cokelaer8, C. N. Colacino40, R. Coldwell41, M. Coles17, R. Conte47, D. Cook16, T. Corbitt18, D. Coward53, D. Coyne15, J. D. E. Creighton54, T. D. Creighton15, R. P. Croce48, D. R. M. Crooks42, A. M. Cruise40, P. Csatorday18, A. Cumming42, J. Dalrymple33, E. D’Ambrosio15, K. Danzmann38,2, G. Davies8, E. Daw49, D. DeBra32, J. Degallaix53, M. Degree32, T. Delker41, T. Demma48, V. Dergachev44, S. Desai34, R. DeSalvo15, S. Dhurandhar14, M. Díaz35, J. Dickson4, A. Di Credico33, G. Diederichs38, A. Dietz8, H. Ding15, E. E. Doomes31, R. W. P. Drever5, J.-C. Dumas53, R. J. Dupuis15, J. G. Dwyer11, P. Ehrens15, E. Espinoza15, T. Etzel15, M. Evans15, T. Evans17, S. Fairhurst8,15, Y. Fan53, D. Fazi15, M. M. Fejer32, L. S. Finn34, V. Fiumara47, N. Fotopoulos54, A. Franzen38, K. Y. Franzen41, A. Freise40, R. Frey45, T. Fricke46, P. Fritschel18, V. V. Frolov17, M. Fyffe17, V. Galdi48, K. S. Ganezer6, J. Garofoli16, I. Gholami1, J. A. Giaime17,19, S. Giampanis46, K. D. Giardina17, K. Goda18, E. Goetz44, L. Goggin15, G. González19, S. Gossler4, A. Grant42, S. Gras53, C. Gray16, M. Gray4, J. Greenhalgh28, A. M. Gretarsson12, R. Grosso35, H. Grote2, S. Grunewald1, M. Guenther16, R. Gustafson44, B. Hage38, D. Hammer54, C. Hanna19, J. Hanson17, J. Harms2, G. Harry18, E. Harstad45, T. Hayler28, J. Heefner15, G. Heinzel2, I. S. Heng42, A. Heptonstall42, M. Heurs2, M. Hewitson2, S. Hild38, E. Hirose33, D. Hoak17, D. Hosken39, J. Hough42, E. Howell53, D. Hoyland40, S. H. Huttner42, D. Ingram16, E. Innerhofer18, M. Ito45, Y. Itoh54, A. Ivanov15, D. Jackrel32, O. Jennrich42, B. Johnson16, W. W. Johnson19, W. R. Johnston35, D. I. Jones50, G. Jones8, R. Jones42, L. Ju53, P. Kalmus11, V. Kalogera26, D. Kasprzyk40, E. Katsavounidis18, K. Kawabe16, S. Kawamura25, F. Kawazoe25, W. Kells15, D. G. Keppel15, F. Ya. Khalili23, C. J. Killow42, C. Kim26, P. King15, J. S. Kissel19, S. Klimenko41, K. Kokeyama25, V. Kondrashov15, R. K. Kopparapu19, D. Kozak15, B. Krishnan1, P. Kwee38, P. K. Lam4, M. Landry16, B. Lantz32, A. Lazzarini15, B. Lee53, M. Lei15, J. Leiner56, V. Leonhardt25, I. Leonor45, K. Libbrecht15, A. Libson9, P. Lindquist15, N. A. Lockerbie51, J. Logan15, M. Longo47, M. Lormand17, M. Lubinski16, H. Lück38,2, B. Machenschalk1, M. MacInnis18, M. Mageswaran15, K. Mailand15, M. Malec38, V. Mandic15, S. Marano47, S. Márka11, J. Markowitz18, E. Maros15, I. Martin42, J. N. Marx15, K. Mason18, L. Matone11, V. Matta47, N. Mavalvala18, R. McCarthy16, D. E. McClelland4, S. C. McGuire31, M. McHugh21, K. McKenzie4, J. W. C. McNabb34, S. McWilliams24, T. Meier38, A. Melissinos46, G. Mendell16, R. A. Mercer41, S. Meshkov15, E. Messaritaki15, C. J. Messenger42, D. Meyers15, E. Mikhailov18, S. Mitra14, V. P. Mitrofanov23, G. Mitselmakher41, R. Mittleman18, O. Miyakawa15, S. Mohanty35, G. Moreno16, K. Mossavi2, C. MowLowry4, A. Moylan4, D. Mudge39, G. Mueller41, S. Mukherjee35, H. Müller-Ebhardt2, J. Munch39, P. Murray42, E. Myers16, J. Myers16, S. Nagano2, T. Nash15, G. Newton42, A. Nishizawa25, F. Nocera15, K. Numata24, P. Nutzman26, B. O’Reilly17, R. O’Shaughnessy26, D. J. Ottaway18, H. Overmier17, B. J. Owen34, Y. Pan43, M. A. Papa1,54, V. Parameshwaraiah16, C. Parameswariah17, P. Patel15, M. Pedraza15, S. Penn13, V. Pierro48, I. M. Pinto48, M. Pitkin42, H. Pletsch2, M. V. Plissi42, F. Postiglione47, R. Prix1, V. Quetschke41, F. Raab16, D. Rabeling4, H. Radkins16, R. Rahkola45, N. Rainer2, M. Rakhmanov34, M. Ramsunder34, K. Rawlins18, S. Ray-Majumder54, V. Re40, T. Regimbau8, H. Rehbein2, S. Reid42, D. H. Reitze41, L. Ribichini2, S. Richman18, R. Riesen17, K. Riles44, B. Rivera16, N. A. Robertson15,42, C. Robinson8, E. L. Robinson40, S. Roddy17, A. Rodriguez19, A. M. Rogan56, J. Rollins11, J. D. Romano8, J. Romie17, H. Rong41, R. Route32, S. Rowan42, A. Rüdiger2, L. Ruet18, P. Russell15, K. Ryan16, S. Sakata25, M. Samidi15, L. Sancho de la Jordana37, V. Sandberg16, G. H. Sanders15, V. Sannibale15, S. Saraf27, P. Sarin18, B. S. Sathyaprakash8, S. Sato25, P. R. Saulson33, R. Savage16, P. Savov7, A. Sazonov41, S. Schediwy53, R. Schilling2, R. Schnabel2, R. Schofield45, B. F. Schutz1, P. Schwinberg16, S. M. Scott4, A. C. Searle4, B. Sears15, F. Seifert2, D. Sellers17, A. S. Sengupta8, P. Shawhan43, D. H. Shoemaker18, A. Sibley17, J. A. Sidles52, X. Siemens15,7, D. Sigg16, S. Sinha32, A. M. Sintes37,1, B. J. J. Slagmolen4, J. Slutsky19, J. R. Smith2, M. R. Smith15, K. Somiya2,1, K. A. Strain42, N. E. Strand34, D. M. Strom45, A. Stuver34, T. Z. Summerscales3, K.-X. Sun32, M. Sung19, P. J. Sutton15, J. Sylvestre15, H. Takahashi1, A. Takamori15, D. B. Tanner41, M. Tarallo15, R. Taylor15, R. Taylor42, J. Thacker17, K. A. Thorne34, K. S. Thorne7, A. Thüring38, M. Tinto5, K. V. Tokmakov42, C. Torres35, C. Torrie42, G. Traylor17, M. Trias37, W. Tyler15, D. Ugolini36, C. Ungarelli40, K. Urbanek32, H. Vahlbruch38, M. Vallisneri7, C. Van Den Broeck8, M. van Putten18, M. Varvella15, S. Vass15, A. Vecchio40, J. Veitch42, P. Veitch39, A. Villar15, C. Vorvick16, S. P. Vyachanin23, S. J. Waldman15, L. Wallace15, H. Ward42, R. Ward15, K. Watts17, D. Webber15, A. Weidner2, M. Weinert2, A. Weinstein15, R. Weiss18, L. Wen1, S. Wen19, K. Wette4, J. T. Whelan1, D. M. Whitbeck34, S. E. Whitcomb15, B. F. Whiting41, S. Wiley6, C. Wilkinson16, P. A. Willems15, L. Williams41, B. Willke38,2, I. Wilmut28, W. Winkler2, C. C. Wipf18, S. Wise41, A. G. Wiseman54, G. Woan42, D. Woods54, R. Wooley17, J. Worden16, W. Wu41, I. Yakushin17, H. Yamamoto15, Z. Yan53, S. Yoshida30, N. Yunes34, K. D. Zaleski34, M. Zanolin18, J. Zhang44, L. Zhang15, C. Zhao53, N. Zotov20, M. Zucker18, H. zur Mühlen38, and J. Zweizig15 (The LIGO Scientific Collaboration)
1Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
2Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
3Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan 49104 USA
4Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia
5California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
6California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747, USA
7Caltech–CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
8Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
9Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
10Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
11Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
12Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301 USA
13Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
14Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune - 411007, India
15LIGO–California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
16LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
17LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
18LIGO–Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
19Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
20Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
21Loyola University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
22Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748, Garching, Germany
23Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
24NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
25National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
26Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
27Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
28Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX United Kingdom
29San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192, USA
30Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA
31Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
32Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
33Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
34The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
35The University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Southmost College, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
36Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA
37Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
38Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
39University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
40University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
41University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
42University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
43University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
44University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
45University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
46University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
47University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
48University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
49University of Sheffield, Sheffield, S3 7RH, United Kingdom
50University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
51University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
52University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195, USA
53University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
54University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
55Vassar College, Poughkeepsie, New York 12604, USA
56Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
Received 16 October 2007; published 17 March 2008
We present the results of a search for short-duration gravitational-wave bursts associated with 39 gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) detected by gamma-ray satellite experiments during LIGO’s S2, S3, and S4 science runs. The search involves calculating the crosscorrelation between two interferometer data streams surrounding the GRB trigger time. We search for associated gravitational radiation from single GRBs, and also apply statistical tests to search for a gravitational-wave signature associated with the whole sample. For the sample examined, we find no evidence for the association of gravitational radiation with GRBs, either on a single-GRB basis or on a statistical basis. Simulating gravitational-wave bursts with sine-Gaussian waveforms, we set upper limits on the root-sum-square of the gravitational-wave strain amplitude of such waveforms at the times of the GRB triggers. We also demonstrate how a sample of several GRBs can be used collectively to set constraints on population models. The small number of GRBs and the significant change in sensitivity of the detectors over the three runs, however, limits the usefulness of a population study for the S2, S3, and S4 runs. Finally, we discuss prospects for the search sensitivity for the ongoing S5 run, and beyond for the next generation of detectors.
© 2008 The American Physical Society
URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.77.062004
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevD.77.062004
PACS:
04.80.Nn, 04.30.Tv, 95.85.Sz
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