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Phys. Rev. D 77, 084005 (2008) [14 pages]

Extremality conditions for isolated and dynamical horizons

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Ivan Booth*
Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John’s, Newfoundland and Labrador, A1C 5S7, Canada

Stephen Fairhurst†
Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 53201, USA, and LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA, and School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF2 3YB, United Kingdom

Received 14 September 2007; published 7 April 2008

A maximally rotating Kerr black hole is said to be extremal. In this paper we introduce the corresponding restrictions for isolated and dynamical horizons. These reduce to the standard notions for Kerr but in general do not require the horizon to be either stationary or rotationally symmetric. We consider physical implications and applications of these results. In particular we introduce a parameter e which characterizes how close a horizon is to extremality and should be calculable in numerical simulations.

© 2008 The American Physical Society

URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.77.084005
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevD.77.084005
PACS:
04.70.Bw

*ibooth@math.mun.ca

†Stephen.Fairhurst@astro.cf.ac.uk

 
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