Phys. Rev. D
79,
022001
(2009)
[29 pages]
Einstein@Home search for periodic gravitational waves in LIGO S4 data
B. Abbott et al. LIGO Scientific Collaboration
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B. Abbott16, R. Abbott16, R. Adhikari16, P. Ajith2, B. Allen2,55, G. Allen32, R. Amin20, D. P. Anderson41, S. B. Anderson16, W. G. Anderson55, M. A. Arain42, M. Araya16, H. Armandula16, P. Armor55, Y. Aso10, S. Aston40, P. Aufmuth15, C. Aulbert2, S. Babak1, S. Ballmer16, H. Bantilan8, B. C. Barish16, C. Barker18, D. Barker18, B. Barr43, P. Barriga54, M. A. Barton43, M. Bastarrika43, K. Bayer17, J. Betzwieser16, P. T. Beyersdorf28, I. A. Bilenko23, G. Billingsley16, R. Biswas55, E. Black16, K. Blackburn16, L. Blackburn17, D. Blair54, B. Bland18, T. P. Bodiya17, L. Bogue19, R. Bork16, V. Boschi16, S. Bose56, P. R. Brady55, V. B. Braginsky23, J. E. Brau48, M. Brinkmann2, A. Brooks16, D. A. Brown33, G. Brunet17, A. Bullington32, A. Buonanno44, O. Burmeister2, R. L. Byer32, L. Cadonati45, G. Cagnoli43, J. B. Camp24, J. Cannizzo24, K. Cannon16, J. Cao17, L. Cardenas16, T. Casebolt32, G. Castaldi51, C. Cepeda16, E. Chalkley43, P. Charlton9, S. Chatterji16, S. Chelkowski40, Y. Chen1,6, N. Christensen8, D. Clark32, J. Clark43, T. Cokelaer7, R. Conte50, D. Cook18, T. Corbitt17, D. Coyne16, J. D. E. Creighton55, T. D. Creighton36, A. Cumming43, L. Cunningham43, R. M. Cutler40, J. Dalrymple33, K. Danzmann2,15, G. Davies7, D. DeBra32, J. Degallaix1, M. Degree32, V. Dergachev46, S. Desai34, R. DeSalvo16, S. Dhurandhar14, M. Díaz36, J. Dickson4, A. Dietz7, F. Donovan17, K. L. Dooley42, E. E. Doomes31, R. W. P. Drever5, I. Duke17, J.-C. Dumas54, R. J. Dupuis16, J. G. Dwyer10, C. Echols16, A. Effler18, P. Ehrens16, G. Ely8, E. Espinoza16, T. Etzel16, T. Evans19, S. Fairhurst7, Y. Fan54, D. Fazi16, H. Fehrmann2, M. M. Fejer32, L. S. Finn34, K. Flasch55, N. Fotopoulos55, A. Freise40, R. Frey48, T. Fricke16,49, P. Fritschel17, V. V. Frolov19, M. Fyffe19, J. Garofoli18, I. Gholami1, J. A. Giaime19,20, S. Giampanis49, K. D. Giardina19, K. Goda17, E. Goetz46, L. Goggin16, G. González20, S. Gossler2, R. Gouaty20, A. Grant43, S. Gras54, C. Gray18, M. Gray4, R. J. S. Greenhalgh27, A. M. Gretarsson11, F. Grimaldi17, R. Grosso36, H. Grote2, S. Grunewald1, M. Guenther18, E. K. Gustafson16, R. Gustafson46, B. Hage15, J. M. Hallam40, D. Hammer55, C. Hanna20, J. Hanson19, J. Harms2, G. Harry17, E. Harstad48, K. Hayama36, T. Hayler27, J. Heefner16, I. S. Heng43, M. Hennessy32, A. Heptonstall43, M. Hewitson2, S. Hild40, E. Hirose33, D. Hoak19, D. Hosken39, J. Hough43, S. H. Huttner43, D. Ingram18, M. Ito48, A. Ivanov16, B. Johnson18, W. W. Johnson20, D. I. Jones52, G. Jones7, R. Jones43, L. Ju54, P. Kalmus10, V. Kalogera26, S. Kamat10, J. Kanner44, D. Kasprzyk40, E. Katsavounidis17, K. Kawabe18, S. Kawamura25, F. Kawazoe25, W. Kells16, D. G. Keppel16, F. Ya. Khalili23, R. Khan10, E. Khazanov13, C. Kim26, P. King16, J. S. Kissel20, S. Klimenko42, K. Kokeyama25, V. Kondrashov16, R. K. Kopparapu34, D. Kozak16, I. Kozhevatov13, B. Krishnan1, P. Kwee15, P. K. Lam4, M. Landry18, M. M. Lang34, B. Lantz32, A. Lazzarini16, M. Lei16, N. Leindecker32, V. Leonhardt25, I. Leonor48, K. Libbrecht16, H. Lin42, P. Lindquist16, N. A. Lockerbie53, D. Lodhia40, M. Lormand19, P. Lu32, M. Lubinski18, A. Lucianetti42, H. Lück2,15, B. Machenschalk2, M. MacInnis17, M. Mageswaran16, K. Mailand16, V. Mandic47, S. Márka10, Z. Márka10, A. Markosyan32, J. Markowitz17, E. Maros16, I. Martin43, R. M. Martin42, J. N. Marx16, K. Mason17, F. Matichard20, L. Matone10, R. Matzner35, N. Mavalvala17, R. McCarthy18, D. E. McClelland4, S. C. McGuire31, M. McHugh22, G. McIntyre16, G. McIvor35, D. McKechan7, K. McKenzie4, T. Meier15, A. Melissinos49, G. Mendell18, R. A. Mercer42, S. Meshkov16, C. J. Messenger2, D. Meyers16, J. Miller16,43, J. Minelli34, S. Mitra14, V. P. Mitrofanov23, G. Mitselmakher42, R. Mittleman17, O. Miyakawa16, B. Moe55, S. Mohanty36, G. Moreno18, K. Mossavi2, C. MowLowry4, G. Mueller42, S. Mukherjee36, H. Mukhopadhyay14, H. Müller-Ebhardt2, J. Munch39, P. Murray43, E. Myers18, J. Myers18, T. Nash16, J. Nelson43, G. Newton43, A. Nishizawa25, K. Numata24, J. O’Dell27, G. Ogin16, B. O’Reilly19, R. O’Shaughnessy34, D. J. Ottaway17, R. S. Ottens42, H. Overmier19, B. J. Owen34, Y. Pan44, C. Pankow42, M. A. Papa1,55, V. Parameshwaraiah18, P. Patel16, M. Pedraza16, S. Penn12, A. Perreca40, T. Petrie34, I. M. Pinto51, M. Pitkin43, H. J. Pletsch2, M. V. Plissi43, F. Postiglione50, M. Principe51, R. Prix2, V. Quetschke42, F. Raab18, D. S. Rabeling4, H. Radkins18, N. Rainer2, M. Rakhmanov30, M. Ramsunder34, H. Rehbein2, S. Reid43, D. H. Reitze42, R. Riesen19, K. Riles46, B. Rivera18, N. A. Robertson16,43, C. Robinson7, E. L. Robinson40, S. Roddy19, A. Rodriguez20, A. M. Rogan56, J. Rollins10, J. D. Romano36, J. Romie19, R. Route32, S. Rowan43, A. Rüdiger2, L. Ruet17, P. Russell16, K. Ryan18, S. Sakata25, M. Samidi16, L. Sancho de la Jordana38, V. Sandberg18, V. Sannibale16, S. Saraf29, P. Sarin17, B. S. Sathyaprakash7, S. Sato25, P. R. Saulson33, R. Savage18, P. Savov6, S. W. Schediwy54, R. Schilling2, R. Schnabel2, R. Schofield48, B. F. Schutz1,7, P. Schwinberg18, S. M. Scott4, A. C. Searle4, B. Sears16, F. Seifert2, D. Sellers19, A. S. Sengupta16, P. Shawhan44, D. H. Shoemaker17, A. Sibley19, X. Siemens55, D. Sigg18, S. Sinha32, A. M. Sintes1,38, B. J. J. Slagmolen4, J. Slutsky20, J. R. Smith33, M. R. Smith16, N. D. Smith17, K. Somiya1,2, B. Sorazu43, L. C. Stein17, A. Stochino16, R. Stone36, K. A. Strain43, D. M. Strom48, A. Stuver19, T. Z. Summerscales3, K.-X. Sun32, M. Sung20, P. J. Sutton7, H. Takahashi1, D. B. Tanner42, R. Taylor16, R. Taylor43, J. Thacker19, K. A. Thorne34, K. S. Thorne6, A. Thüring15, K. V. Tokmakov43, C. Torres19, C. Torrie43, G. Traylor19, M. Trias38, W. Tyler16, D. Ugolini37, J. Ulmen32, K. Urbanek32, H. Vahlbruch15, C. Van Den Broeck7, M. van der Sluys26, S. Vass16, R. Vaulin55, A. Vecchio40, J. Veitch40, P. Veitch39, S. Vigeland8, A. Villar16, C. Vorvick18, S. P. Vyachanin23, S. J. Waldman16, L. Wallace16, H. Ward43, R. Ward16, M. Weinert2, A. Weinstein16, R. Weiss17, S. Wen20, K. Wette4, J. T. Whelan1, D. M. Whitbeck34, S. E. Whitcomb16, B. F. Whiting42, C. Wilkinson18, P. A. Willems16, H. R. Williams34, L. Williams42, B. Willke2,15, I. Wilmut27, W. Winkler2, C. C. Wipf17, A. G. Wiseman55, G. Woan43, R. Wooley19, J. Worden18, W. Wu42, I. Yakushin19, H. Yamamoto16, Z. Yan54, S. Yoshida30, M. Zanolin11, J. Zhang46, L. Zhang16, C. Zhao54, N. Zotov21, M. Zucker17, and J. Zweizig16 (LIGO Scientific Collaboration)
1Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
2Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
3Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan 49104, USA
4Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia
5California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
6Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
7Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
8Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
9Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
10Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
11Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301, USA
12Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
13Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950, Russia
14Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune—411007, India
15Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
16LIGO—California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
17LIGO—Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
18LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
19LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
20Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
21Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
22Loyola University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
23Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
24NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
25National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
26Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
27Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX, United Kingdom
28San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192, USA
29Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California 94928, USA
30Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA
31Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
32Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
33Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
34The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
35The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
36The University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Southmost College, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
37Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA
38Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
39University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
40University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
41University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
42University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
43University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
44University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
45University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
46University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
47University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
48University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
49University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
50University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
51University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
52University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
53University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
54University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia
55University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
56Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
Received 16 May 2008; published 20 January 2009
A search for periodic gravitational waves, from sources such as isolated rapidly spinning neutron stars, was carried out using 510 h of data from the fourth LIGO science run (S4). The search was for quasimonochromatic waves in the frequency range from 50 to 1500 Hz, with a linear frequency drift f˙ (measured at the solar system barycenter) in the range -f/τ<f˙<0.1f/τ, where the minimum spin-down age τ was 1000 yr for signals below 300 Hz and 10 000 yr above 300 Hz. The main computational work of the search was distributed over approximately 100 000 computers volunteered by the general public. This large computing power allowed the use of a relatively long coherent integration time of 30 h, despite the large parameter space searched. No statistically significant signals were found. The sensitivity of the search is estimated, along with the fraction of parameter space that was vetoed because of contamination by instrumental artifacts. In the 100 to 200 Hz band, more than 90% of sources with dimensionless gravitational-wave strain amplitude greater than 10-23 would have been detected.
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© 2009 The American Physical Society
URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.79.022001
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevD.79.022001
PACS:
04.80.Nn, 07.05.Kf, 95.55.Ym, 97.60.Gb
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