Phys. Rev. D
80,
062001
(2009)
[9 pages]
Search for gravitational wave ringdowns from perturbed black holes in LIGO S4 data
B. P. Abbott et al. The LIGO Scientic Collaboration
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B. P. Abbott17, R. Abbott17, R. Adhikari17, P. Ajith2, B. Allen2,60, G. Allen35, R. S. Amin21, S. B. Anderson17, W. G. Anderson60, M. A. Arain47, M. Araya17, H. Armandula17, P. Armor60, Y. Aso17, S. Aston46, P. Aufmuth16, C. Aulbert2, S. Babak1, P. Baker24, S. Ballmer17, C. Barker18, D. Barker18, B. Barr48, P. Barriga59, L. Barsotti20, M. A. Barton17, I. Bartos10, R. Bassiri48, M. Bastarrika48, B. Behnke1, M. Benacquista42, J. Betzwieser17, P. T. Beyersdorf31, I. A. Bilenko25, G. Billingsley17, R. Biswas60, E. Black17, J. K. Blackburn17, L. Blackburn20, D. Blair59, B. Bland18, T. P. Bodiya20, L. Bogue19, R. Bork17, V. Boschi17, S. Bose61, P. R. Brady60, V. B. Braginsky25, J. E. Brau53, D. O. Bridges19, M. Brinkmann2, A. F. Brooks17, D. A. Brown36, A. Brummit30, G. Brunet20, A. Bullington35, A. Buonanno49, O. Burmeister2, R. L. Byer35, L. Cadonati50, J. B. Camp26, J. Cannizzo26, K. C. Cannon17, J. Cao20, L. Cardenas17, V. Cardoso39, S. Caride51, G. Castaldi56, S. Caudill21, M. Cavaglià39, C. Cepeda17, T. Chalermsongsak17, E. Chalkley48, P. Charlton9, S. Chatterji17, S. Chelkowski46, Y. Chen1,6, N. Christensen8, C. T. Y. Chung38, D. Clark35, J. Clark7, J. H. Clayton60, T. Cokelaer7, C. N. Colacino12, R. Conte55, D. Cook18, T. R. C. Corbitt20, N. Cornish24, D. Coward59, D. C. Coyne17, J. D. E. Creighton60, T. D. Creighton42, A. M. Cruise46, R. M. Culter46, A. Cumming48, L. Cunningham48, S. L. Danilishin25, K. Danzmann2,16, B. Daudert17, G. Davies7, E. J. Daw40, D. DeBra35, J. Degallaix2, V. Dergachev51, S. Desai37, R. DeSalvo17, S. Dhurandhar15, M. Díaz42, A. Dietz7, F. Donovan20, K. L. Dooley47, E. E. Doomes34, R. W. P. Drever5, J. Dueck2, I. Duke20, J.-C. Dumas59, J. G. Dwyer10, C. Echols17, M. Edgar48, A. Effler18, P. Ehrens17, E. Espinoza17, T. Etzel17, M. Evans20, T. Evans19, S. Fairhurst7, Y. Faltas47, Y. Fan59, D. Fazi17, H. Fehrmann2, L. S. Finn37, K. Flasch60, S. Foley20, C. Forrest54, N. Fotopoulos60, A. Franzen16, M. Frede2, M. Frei41, Z. 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D. Smith20, K. Somiya6, B. Sorazu48, A. Stein20, L. C. Stein20, S. Steplewski61, A. Stochino17, R. Stone42, K. A. Strain48, S. Strigin25, A. Stroeer26, A. L. Stuver19, T. Z. Summerscales3, K.-X. Sun35, M. Sung21, P. J. Sutton7, G. P. Szokoly12, D. Talukder61, L. Tang42, D. B. Tanner47, S. P. Tarabrin25, J. R. Taylor2, R. Taylor17, J. Thacker19, K. A. Thorne19, K. S. Thorne6, A. Thüring16, K. V. Tokmakov48, C. Torres19, C. Torrie17, G. Traylor19, M. Trias44, D. Ugolini43, J. Ulmen35, K. Urbanek35, H. Vahlbruch16, M. Vallisneri6, C. Van Den Broeck7, M. V. van der Sluys28, A. A. van Veggel48, S. Vass17, R. Vaulin60, A. Vecchio46, J. Veitch46, P. Veitch45, C. Veltkamp2, A. Villar17, C. Vorvick18, S. P. Vyachanin25, S. J. Waldman20, L. Wallace17, R. L. Ward17, A. Weidner2, M. Weinert2, A. J. Weinstein17, R. Weiss20, L. Wen6,59, S. Wen21, K. Wette4, J. T. Whelan1,29, S. E. Whitcomb17, B. F. Whiting47, C. Wilkinson18, P. A. Willems17, H. R. Williams37, L. Williams47, B. Willke2,16, I. Wilmut30, L. Winkelmann2, W. Winkler2, C. C. Wipf20, A. G. Wiseman60, G. Woan48, R. Wooley19, J. Worden18, W. Wu47, I. Yakushin19, H. Yamamoto17, Z. Yan59, S. Yoshida33, M. Zanolin11, J. Zhang51, L. Zhang17, C. Zhao59, N. Zotov22, M. E. Zucker20, H. zur Mühlen16, and J. Zweizig17 (The LIGO Scientic Collaboration)
1Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm Germany
2Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
3Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan 49104 USA
4Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia
5California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
6Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
7Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF24 3AA, United Kingdom
8Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
9Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
10Columbia University, New York, New York 10027, USA
11Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Prescott, Arizona 86301 USA
12Eötvös University, ELTE 1053 Budapest, Hungary
13Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
14Institute of Applied Physics, Nizhny Novgorod, 603950 Russia
15Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune-411007, India
16Leibniz Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
17LIGO-California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
18LIGO-Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
19LIGO-Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
20LIGO-Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
21Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
22Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
23Loyola University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
24Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana 59717, USA
25Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
26NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
27National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
28Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
29Rochester Institute of Technology, Rochester, New York 14623, USA
30Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, HSIC, Chilton, Didcot, Oxon OX11 0QX United Kingdom
31San Jose State University, San Jose, California 95192, USA
32Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, California 94928, USA
33Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA
34Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70813, USA
35Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
36Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
37The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
38The University of Melbourne, Parkville VIC 3010, Australia
39The University of Mississippi, University, Mississippi 38677, USA
40The University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TN, United Kingdom
41The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
42The University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Southmost College, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
43Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA
44Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07122 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
45University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA 5005, Australia
46University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
47University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
48University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
49University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742 USA
50University of Massachusetts-Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
51University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
52University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
53University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
54University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
55University of Salerno, 84084 Fisciano (Salerno), Italy
56University of Sannio at Benevento, I-82100 Benevento, Italy
57University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
58University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, G1 1XQ, United Kingdom
59University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
60University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
61Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
Received 22 June 2009; published 9 September 2009
According to general relativity a perturbed black hole will settle to a stationary configuration by the emission of gravitational radiation. Such a perturbation will occur, for example, in the coalescence of a black hole binary, following their inspiral and subsequent merger. At late times the waveform is a superposition of quasinormal modes, which we refer to as the ringdown. The dominant mode is expected to be the fundamental mode, l=m=2. Since this is a well-known waveform, matched filtering can be implemented to search for this signal using LIGO data. We present a search for gravitational waves from black hole ringdowns in the fourth LIGO science run S4, during which LIGO was sensitive to the dominant mode of perturbed black holes with masses in the range of 10M⊙ to 500M⊙, the regime of intermediate-mass black holes, to distances up to 300 Mpc. We present a search for gravitational waves from black hole ringdowns using data from S4. No gravitational wave candidates were found; we place a 90%-confidence upper limit on the rate of ringdowns from black holes with mass between 85M⊙ and 390M⊙ in the local universe, assuming a uniform distribution of sources, of 3.2×10-5 yr-1 Mpc-3=1.6×10-3 yr-1L10-1,where L10 is 1010 times the solar blue-light luminosity.
© 2009 The American Physical Society
URL:
http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.80.062001
DOI:
10.1103/PhysRevD.80.062001
PACS:
95.85.Sz, 04.80.Nn, 07.05.Kf, 97.60.Jd
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